Kriterienbezogene Validität eines Diagnostikums zur berufsspezifischen Selbstwirksamkeit in der stationären Pflege

„Criterion validity of a diagnostic agent in relation to occupational self-efficacy in the profession of nursing” The profession of nursing is directly linked to those occupational fields that are commonly related to physical and mental stress; depression particularly plays a major role in this context. Self-efficacy is an important source to cope with stress, especially in the profession of nursing. Based on the fact that a lack of self-efficacy proves to be a central risk factor of depressive symptomatology, this doctoral thesis aims to examine an enhancement of this fact, the new concept of occupational self-efficacy in the profession of nursing. During this study, a questionnaire was developed for the measurement of occupational self-efficacy, which was already reviewed in relation to reliability and factor structure during previous work by Heindle (2009). A 13-item scale was developed which was proven to be statistically feasible. The present doctorial thesis was aiming to verify the validity of an occupational self-efficacy scale of individuals working in the profession of nursing. It was assumed that general self-efficacy is linked negatively to depression. Furthermore it was expected that occupational self-efficacy as a specific self-efficacy, makes a predictive contribution beyond general self-efficacy, i.e. occupational self-efficacy explains an additional variance of depression. These expectations were examined with the help of bivariate correlations and multiple regression analysis. With the help of the Statistic Program SPSS 15.0 (Statistic Package for the Social Sciences), the data from the occupational self-efficacy scale which was obtained in a randomly selected sample (N=202) of nursing staff in Germany was evaluated. During the regression analysis, the relation between the independent variables “general and occupational self-efficacy” were assessed by using the criteria variable (dependent variable) “depression”. In addition, the predictive significance of the influence of occupational self-efficacy in relation to depression was evaluated. Taking the factors age and sex into account, the results of the multiple regression analysis showed, that through a gradual adding of occupational to general self-efficacy an improvement of the stability index and significance (R2 = .009 bis .267 , p = .42 bis p < .01) was caused and with it, an enhancement of the explained variance. It was proven with an explanatory power of 25%, that by adding occupational self-efficacy into the regression model, in addition to common self-efficacy, the prognosis of the criterion variable depression was significantly improved. The factor occupational self-efficacy held the highest value for bivariate correlations being r = -.492 (p < .01) and with a squared semi partial of .208 (p < .01), the biggest independent proportion of variance. Therefore occupational self-efficacy had to be classified as the most important predictor of depression. The terms of use of regression analysis were verified afterwards and were not transgressed. The following hypotheses have been confirmed: 1. Depression correlates in the results negatively with self-efficacy and shows the highest significant correlations with occupational self-efficacy. 2. Occupational self-efficacy makes a contribution beyond general self-efficacy, as it explains an additional variance for the prediction of depression. This means that occupational self-efficacy and depression of nursing staff are influencing each other. Based on the results, the evaluation of the validity of the occupational self-efficacy scale of nursing staff was confirmed. In general the results show how important occupational self-efficacy is in regards to a healthy stabilization and prevention in the nursing profession. It is important to create favorable conditions for the development of occupational self-efficacy, as this could lower the risk of a depressive symptomatology and increase the health of nursing staff.