Motologisch orientierte Gesundheitsförderung in Organisationen – dargestellt am Beispiel eines Orchesters

Health promotion is now an important area of research in motology. In the professional discourse the phenomenon of health is predominantly approached from an anthropological view point, which puts the active subject at the center of work with body and movement. Current approaches and concepts are primarily founded on a phenomenology of the living body and influenced by a homoeostatic understanding of health – so far, however, organisational influences have rarely been taken into account. The central question of this dissertation investigates how and whether the subject orientated motological health promotion could be augmented by the sphere of a superindividual, organisational level. Therefore, attention is focused on the interdisciplinary discourse about health promotion in organisations. In the demonstrated area of organisational pressure-, stress- and resource-concepts the theoretical construct of organisational culture is informative. It shows how collective values and standards implicitly shape the health-related behaviours of the members of a group. Organisations vary considerably in terms of their culture, processes or tasks and therefore one general concept of health promotion cannot do justice to this diversity. The development of an accurately fitting and theoretically founded version of health promotion thus constitutes the central exploratory focus of this study - as described in the example of a music orchestra. Protective factors and risk factors of highly demanding orchestral work have been singled out by the field of musicians’ medicine. However a health promotion approach which explicitly takes into account the demonstrably influencial relationship between the individual and the organisation has not yet been formulated. This is an opportunity to develop a new field of intervention for motological health promotion. In order to accomplish this, the superindividual level is researched using a multidimensional orchestra model developed by the Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen. An analysis of this model makes it possible to investigate the intersection of the individual and the organisation by means of a motological perspective of the living body (Leib). Essential for this is the concept of the living body, which is defined by an ambiguity between a ‘physical body’ and an ‘experienced body’. This serves as a mediator for the relationship between man and world. Here the categories movement while playing an instrument, social togetherness in the orchestra, ergonomics and pain associated to playing an instrument constitute the core of the analysis. This phenomenological perspective is repeatedly contrasted by or rather dialogically communicated with results of the empirically dominated field of musicians’ medicine. Finally a model of polarity of movement is drawn from the findings. This offers pragmatic basic points for a motological health promotion which takes on organisational features and makes them the focus of the range of movement program. The model for example covers the ambivalent relationship between the functionality of fine motor skills and subjective significance, of automated stability and possible variability of activity-related motion sequences. Thus organisational conditions become subjectively perceptible in work with body and motion respectively partially controllable in the sense of individual health. Perspectively this approach bears the potential of connecting issues of health with processes of learning and development of whole organisations, due to the fact that the range of movement program takes into account the implicit culture of the respective addressee.