Überlebensrate, Mukositis, Periimplantitis und marginaler Knochenabbau bei einteiligen und zweiteiligen Implantaten Retrospektive 2-11-jährige Langzeitstudie in einer privaten Zahnarztpraxis

Background: In dental implantology peri-implant inflamma-tion, marginal bone loss, and implant losses are increasingly described. The long-term survival, peri-implant health, and marginal bone loss of one-piece and two-piece implants in a private dental practice have not been investigated so far. Dif-ferences to university studies are in patient selection, the weighting of risk factors, and follow-up care. Aim: The retrospective long-term study determines the sur-vival rate, the prevalence of mucositis and peri-implantitis as well as the marginal bone loss of one- and two-piece implants in a private dental practice. Materials and Methods: In the period from 2005 to 2015 243 implants were placed in 60 patients in a private dental prac-tice (140 one-piece implants in 38 patients; 103 two-piece implants in 40 patients; 18 patients got both implant systems). The implants were clinically examined once. A radiological evaluation was carried out to assess marginal bone loss. The influence of risk factors on the results was analyzed. Results: The cumulative implant survival rate was 97.1 % (one-piece implants: 95,7 %; two-piece implants: 99 %). All implant losses were early losses. Significant risk factors were: patients aged 60-69 years (p = 0.026), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.001) and implantations without bone grafting (p = 0.049). The risk for implant losses was lowest in bone quality type II (p = 0.015). Ø PD was 2.26 ± 0.79 mm. Ø BLI was 1.03 ± 1.22 mm. Ø BLI for one-piece implants (1.24 ± 1.31 mm) was significantly higher than for two-piece implants (0.76 ± 1.03 mm) (p = 0.010). Mucositis was diagnosed for 22 implants (9.2 %) in 14 patients (23 %). One-piece implants (14.3 %) showed significantly more mucositis than two-piece implants (2 %) (p = 0.001). The risk for mucositis was significantly higher in bone qualities type II (p = 0.046) and III (p = 0.007) and the maxilla (p = 0.024). Peri-implantitis was diagnosed for 15 implants (6 %) and 10 patients (17 %) and significantly more often for one-piece implants (7.2 %) than for two-piece implants (2 %) (p = 0.037). The risk for peri-implantitis was significantly higher in bone quality type III (p = 0.048). Pati-ents aged between 60 and 69 years and fixed prosthodontics were significant risk factors for mucositis and peri-implantitis. Conclusion: Both implant systems revealed high survival rates, low prevalences for peri-implant diseases, and low me-an marginal bone loss. All implant losses were early losses. The comparison of the two implant systems showed that in the dental practice the risk for implant losses, peri-implant diseases, and marginal bone loss was higher for one-piece than for two-piece implants.