Bearbeitung verschiedener Titanoberflächen mit Küretten, Nd:YAG-Laser und Ultraschallscaler

In the current study the surface behavior of different implantabutmentsurfaces has been investigated after the treatment with several periodontal cleaning instruments. The investigated surfaces consisted of pure titanium rank four (ti), titanium coated with niobium (nb) and titanium coated with tantalum (ta). The treatment of the surfaces has been performed by two different typs of steel currets (a: Modell Gracey 7/8, Fa Hu-Friedy®, Chicago, Il, USA; (HU) b: Modell Gracey 7/8, Fa Deppeler, Rolle, CH (DE)), a Nd:YAG-Laser (Laser; PulseMaster 1000®, Fa ADT, American Dental Technologies, Texas, USA) and an ultrasonic scaler (Uschall; Piezo-ZEG SONOSOFT® mit SonicFlex®-Aufsatz, Fa KaVo, Biberach) with (mw) and without (ow) the use of water. All the instruments were used by the manufacturers recommendations. Treatment preasure, the frequency and the energy of the instruments had been variated. Subsequently, the surfaces were investigated by use of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope including EDX, atomic force microscope and profilometer. Furthermore the vickers hardness has been evaluated. After treatment with HU, DE, Uschall mw and ow, damages on the ta and ti surface could be seen with the optical and the scanning electron microscope, while no until slightly imprints were detected on the nb surface. This findings were verified by the other methodes of investigation. There was a significant difference in the increase of the surface roughnesses, whereat titanium showed the most and niobium the least change in the surface structure. For the ultrasonic scaler the profilometer showed a significant change in roughness as a function of frequency, preasure and use of water. Furthermore there was only a little change of roughness of the niobium surface, while in comparison with it the surface roughness of titanium and tantalum changes were significantly. The uppermost alteration appeares by a preasure of 400 g. After the surface treatment with the laser, clearly damages could be shown on all the three surfaces. At the comparison of the roughness caused by Hu, De and the ultrasonic scaler no significant difference between the instruments could be detected. Further clinical investigations need to show if its resistence qualifies the niobsurface to be used as an abutmentsurfacecoating.