Increased Density of Growth Differentiation Factor-15+ Immunoreactive M1/M2 Macrophages in Prostate Cancer of Different Gleason Scores Compared with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Increased Density of Growth Differentiation Factor-15+ Immunoreactive M1/M2 Macrophages in Prostate Cancer of Different Gleason Scores Compared with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer and cause of death in men worldwide. The main challenge is to discover biomarkers for malignancy to guide the physician towards optimized diagnosis and therapy. There is recent evidence that growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is elevat...

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Váldodahkkit: Bonaterra, Gabriel A., Schleper, Alexander, Skowronek, Maximilian, Kilian, Lucia S., Rink, Theresa, Schwarzbach, Hans, Heers, Hendrik, Hänze, Jörg, Rexin, Peter, Ramaswamy, Annette, Denkert, Carsten, Wilhelm, Beate, Hegele, Axel, Hofmann, Rainer, Weihe, Eberhard, Kinscherf, Ralf
Materiálatiipa: Artihkal
Giella:eaŋgalasgiella
Almmustuhtton: Philipps-Universität Marburg 2022
Fáttát:
Medizin
Medical sciences Medicine
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Čoahkkáigeassu:Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer and cause of death in men worldwide. The main challenge is to discover biomarkers for malignancy to guide the physician towards optimized diagnosis and therapy. There is recent evidence that growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is elevated in cancer patients. Therefore, we aimed to decipher GDF-15+ cell types and their density in biopsies of human PCa patients with Gleason score (GS)6–9 and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Here we show that the density of GDF-15+ cells, mainly identified as interstitial macrophages (MΦ), was higher in GS6–9 than in BPH, and, thus, GDF-15 is intended to differentiate patients with high GS vs. BPH, as well as GS6 vs. GS7 (or even with higher malignancy). Some GDF-15+ MΦ showed a transepithelial migration into the glandular lumen and, thus, might be used for measurement in urine/semen. Taken together, GDF-15 is proposed as a novel tool to diagnose PCa vs. BPH or malignancy (GS6 vs. higher GS) and as a potential target for anti-tumor therapy. GDF-15 in seminal plasma and/or urine could be utilized as a non-invasive biomarker of PCa as compared to BPH.
Fuomášahttimat:Gefördert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der UB Marburg.
Olgguldas hápmi:17 Seiten
DOI:10.3390/cancers14194591

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