Dokument

Summary:
To replicate within host cells, intracellular bacteria have evolveddifferent strategies to invade, replicate, persist in, and eventually exitfrom their hosts. The intracellular lifestyle requires consecutive exitevents, in which microorganisms must overcome host cell mem-branes, and enter and adapt to new compartments. These exit eventsare critical steps in the microbial life cycle and are usually required forbacterial replication and spread.Current concepts on the exit events of intracellular bacteriahave been derived from the thorough study of model organisms,such asSalmonella,Shigella, Listeria,orMycobacteriumspecies. Incontrast, the exit strategies of many nonmodel—yet oftenmedically relevant—bacterial species are so far only known inbroad outline.The causative agent of scrub typhus,Orientia tsutsugamushi(Ot), which belongs to the order of Rickettsiales, is an importantbut neglected human pathogen whose exit mechanisms havebeen poorly characterized. This is due to the lack of tools forthe genetic manipulation ofOtand to the experimentalchallenges of working with a biosafety level 3 pathogen (Salje,2017). A refined knowledge of this pathogen's exitstrategies could define new targets for therapeutic approaches,for example, against long‐term persistence. This brief articlesummarizes the current state of knowledge, highlights common-alities and relevant differences to other intracellular bacteria, anddefines questions and possible novel approaches to decipher theexit mechanisms of Ot.

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