Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg
Titel:Einfluss der manuellen Thoraxkompression auf Beatmungsparameter der maschinellen Ventilation bei der kardiopulmonalen Reanimation im Simulationsmodell
Autor:Speer, Tillmann Raphael Nicolas
Weitere Beteiligte: Kill, Clemens (Prof. Dr. med.)
Veröffentlicht:2018
URI:https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2018/0257
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17192/z2018.0257
URN: urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2018-02578
DDC: Medizin
Titel (trans.):Influence of manual chest compression on ventilator presets during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a simulation model
Publikationsdatum:2018-06-04
Lizenz:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Dokument

Schlagwörter:
Künstliche Beatmung, maschinelle Beatmung, Simulationsmodell, Kardiopulmonale Reanimation, Emergency Medi, Notfallmedizin, Ventilation, Pulmonary, Simulation model, Chest Compression Synchronised Ventilation, CCSV, Respiratory, No, Simulation, Chest Compression Synchronised Ventilation, manuelle Thoraxkompression, CCSV, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Wiederbelebung, Rettungswesen

Zusammenfassung:
Die Leitlinien des European Resuscitation Council (ERC) empfehlen die maschinelle Ventilation mit einem Tidalvolumen (Vt) von 6–7ml/kg Körpergewicht und einer Frequenz (f) von 10/min nach endotrachealer Intubation während der kardiopulmonalen Reanimation. Dennoch ist die Evidenz für ein bestimmtes Beatmungsmuster oder eine differenzierte Ventilationsstrategie gering. Diese Dissertation untersucht den Einfluss der manuellen Thoraxkompression auf die Umsetzbarkeit der Ventilationsparameter (Tidalvolumen, Vt und Inspirationsdruck, Pinsp) bei den drei Beatmungsmustern Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV), BiLevel-Ventilation (BiLevel) und Chest Compression Synchronised Ventilation (CCSV) im Simulationsmodell. Auf diese Weise sollen weitere Hinweise zur Durchführbarkeit der genannten Beatmungsmuster während der kardiopulmonalen Reanimation gesammelt und damit deren Stellenwert beurteilt werden. Nach Genehmigung durch die Ethikkommission des Fachbereichs Medizin der Philipps-Universität Marburg (Aktenzeichen: Studie 36/14) führten 90 Rettungsassistentinnen und Rettungsassistenten über einen Zeitraum von zwei Minuten ununterbrochene manuelle Thoraxkompressionen an einem Reanimationsphantom mit einem speziellen Lungenmodell durch. Die drei verschiedenen Beatmungsmuster IPPV, BiLevel und CCSV wurden für jeweils 30s in einer randomisierten Reihenfolge appliziert. CCSV ist ein neuartiger, druckkontrollierter Beatmungsmodus, bei dem die Insufflation zusammen mit der Kompressionsphase abgegeben wird. Diese Synchronisation ist gleichermaßen abhängig von einer raschen Erhöhung des Atemwegsdrucks (25–375 mbar/s) über einen vordefinierten Druck (0,9–3,7 mbar über dem Positiven Endexspiratorischen Druck, PEEP) in Anschluss an eine Exspirationsphase, die eine bestimmte Zeitdauer (200–340 ms) überschreitet. Die voreingestellten Parameter waren bei IPPV: Vt = 450 ml, PEEP = 0 mbar, f = 10/min; bei BiLevel: Pinsp = 19mbar, PEEP = 5 mbar, f = 10/min und bei CCSV: Pinsp = 60 mbar, PEEP = 0 mbar, Tinsp = 205 ms, f = Thoraxkompressionsrate). Sie wurden mit den tatsächlich gemessenen verglichen und die relative Häufigkeit ermittelt (Toleranzbereich ± 10 %). Die statistische Berechnung erfolgte mit dem Chi-Quadrat Vierfeldertest, dem Friedman-Test und dem Wilcoxon-Rang- Test. Die Ergebnisse (gemessene Werte bzw. relative Häufigkeit) sind im Folgenden als Median (25/75 %-Perzentil) angegeben. Das Tidalvolumen (Vt) bei IPPV betrug 399 ml (386/411 ml), der Inspirationsdruck (Pinsp) bei BiLevel 22,0 mbar (19,7/25,6 mbar) und der bei CCSV 55,2 mbar (52,6/56,7 mbar). Die relative Häufigkeit des Erreichens der voreingestellten Beatmungsparameter betrug bei IPPV 40 % (0/100 %) im Vergleich zu BiLevel 20 % (0/100 %), p = 0,37 und im Vergleich zu CCSV 71 % (50/83 %), p < 0,02. Der Inspirationsdruck (Pinsp) überschritt den Toleranzbereich bei BiLevel in 80 % (0/100 %) der Beatmungen und bei CCSV in 0 % (0/0 %) der Beatmungen, p < 0,001. Diese Arbeit zur kardiopulmonalen Reanimation im Simulationsmodell zeigt, dass sich die Beatmungsmuster hinsichtlich der Umsetzbarkeit der voreingestellten Beatmungsparameter (Vt und Pinsp) signifikant unterscheiden. CCSV zeigt die höchste Trefferquote verglichen mit den konventionellen Beatmungsmustern IPPV und BiLevel. Bei IPPV wird das eingestellte Tidalvolumen unter- und bei BiLevel der Inspirationsdruck regelhaft überschritten. Unter CCSV traten keine Überschreitungen des Inspirationsdrucks auf. Diese Dissertation ergänzt folglich die begrenzte Datenlage zu Beatmungsparametern während manueller Thoraxkompressionen und legt nahe, dass CCSV ein vielversprechender Ansatz zur Verbesserung der Beatmung während der Reanimation sein kann.

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