Dokument

Zusammenfassung:
Konditionelle Leistungsfaktoren und ihr Einfluss auf die Spielleistung im deutschen Nachwuchsleistungs- und Profibasketball EINLEITUNG: Durch das komplexe Anforderungsprofil des professionellen Basketballs ist die Spielleistung auch von der athletischen Leistungsfähigkeit der Spieler bestimmt. Dennoch konnten bis dato nur wenige Studien eine direkte Verbindung zwischen Athletik und Spielleistung aufzeigen (McGill et al., 2012). Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es daher, den Einfluss von basketballrelevanten konditionellen Fähigkeiten auf Komponenten der Spielleistung im deutschen Nachwuchsleistungs- und Profibasketball zu untersuchen. METHODIK: 89 Spieler der höchsten deutschen Basketball Jugendligen ( JBBL: n=37, Alter: 14,8 ± 0,6 Jahre, Größe: 182,8 ± 7,6 cm, Gewicht: 67,6 ± 12,7 kg; NBBL: n=27, Alter: 17,0 ± 0,8 Jahre, Größe: 192,3 ± 7,8 cm, Gewicht: 80 ± 10,2 kg) sowie der 1. Bundesliga (BBL: n=25, Alter: 26,3 ± 3,6 Jahre, Größe: 196,0 ± 9,5 cm, Gewicht: 101,3 ± 9,8 kg) nahmen jeweils vor einer Saison an einer basketballspezifischen Leistungsdiagnostik teil. Alle Spieler durchliefen Tests der Schnelligkeit (21m-Sprint (23m, s), 10x15m Wiederholungssprinttest (RST, s)), Sprungkraft (No step vertical jump (NSVJ, cm), Maximal- sprung mit Anlauf (MVJ, cm), 30s Wiederholungssprungtest (30s, W/kg)), Agilität (Lane Agility (LA, s), T-Test (MAT, s)) und Ausdauer (YoYo IR1-Test (YoYo-IR1, m)). In der anschließenden Saison wurden ausgesuchte Parameter der Spielleistung erhoben (Anzahl der Spiele und Einsatzzeit, Punkte, Assists, Rebounds, Steals, Blocks, Effektivitätswert). ERGEBNISSE: Bei den JBBL- Spielern korrelierten nahezu alle erhobenen Fitnessdaten signifikant mit einem oder mehreren Merkmalen der Spielleistung (p<0,05), wobei LAT den größten Einfluss auf Einsatzzeit (r=-0,64), Punkte (r=-0,66), Assists (r=-0,64), Steals (r=-0,63) und Effektivitätswert (r=-0,64) hatte. Bei den NBBL-Spielern wiesen NSVJ, MVJ, RST, 23m und LAT ebenfalls einen signifikanten Zusammenhang mit Einsatzzeit, Assists und Steals auf. Bei den Profispielern korrelierten nur noch NSVJ and MVJ signifikant mit Rebounds und LAT signifikant mit Steals. Zudem wurden positionsspezifische Unterschiede festgestellt: in allen untersuchten Altersklassen korrelierten bei den Spielern der Positionen 1-3 vor allem die Leistungen in den Agilitätstests, und bei den Spielern der Positionen 4 und 5 vor allem die Reichhöhen im Standsprung mit den für ihre Positionen wichtigsten Parametern der Spielleistung. Der Vergleich mit der internationalen Leistungsspitze ergab ein insgesamt niedrigeres konditionelles Leistungsniveau des deutschen Nachwuchsleistungs- und Profibasketballs. DISKUSSION: Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass im Nachwuchsleistungsbasketball eine hohe allgemeine Fitness die Grundlage hoher Spielleistung bildet, während im Profibasketball vor allem positionsspezifische Aspekte der Fitness einen direkten Einfluss auf ausgesuchte Parameter der Spielleistung nehmen. Dies, und der im internationalen Vergleich niedrigere konditionelle Leistungsstand erweisen, dass das Konditionstraining in der Trainingspraxis des deutschen Nachwuchsleistungs- und Profibasketballs eine deutliche Aufwertung erfahren sollte.

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