Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg

Titel:Ätiologie und Behandlung externalisierender Störungen im Kindesalter
Autor:Mingebach, Tanja
Weitere Beteiligte: Christiansen, Hanna (Prof. Dr.)
Veröffentlicht:2018
URI:https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2018/0104
URN: urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2018-01047
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17192/z2018.0104
DDC: Psychologie
Titel (trans.):Etiology and treatment of childhood externalizing disorders
Publikationsdatum:2018-10-15
Lizenz:https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/

Dokument

Schlagwörter:
ODD, ADHS, Behandlung, ODD, Meta-Metaanal, Systematisches Review, Kinder, aetiology, externalizing behavior problems, neuropsychological deficits, parent training, children, parent-base, Ätiologie, ADHD, Elterntraining, Psychische Störung, Externalisierende Verhaltensprobleme, Wirksamkeit, Neuropsychologische Defizite, Elternzentrierte Interventionen, mental disorder, treatment

Zusammenfassung:
Externalisierende Störungen wie Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen (ADHS), Störungen des Sozialverhaltens mit oppositionellem, aufsässigen Verhalten (ODD) und Störungen des Sozialverhaltens (CD) beginnen im frühen Kindesalter. Zur Beschreibung der kindlichen externalisierenden Psychopathologie wird zunehmend eine dimensionale Betrachtung herangezogen. Ätiologisch werden externalisierende Störungen als heterogen betrachtet, und Assoziationen mit Defiziten in verschiedenen psychologischen Funktionen angenommen. Prävalenzraten um 5.4 % verdeutlichen die weite Verbreitung externalisierender Störungen. In klinischer Ausprägung gehen externalisierende Störungen mit erheblichen Beeinträchtigungen für die betroffenen Kinder und ihre Familien einher. Frühzeitige Interventionen sind wesentlich, um den Verlauf positiv zu beeinflussen. Der vorliegende Kumulus befasst sich sowohl mit der Ätiologie externalisierender Störungen im Kindesalter als auch mit der Wirksamkeit frühzeitiger elternzentrierter Interventionen. In Manuskript #1 wurde die Spezifität neuropsychologischer Defizite für ADHS- und ODD-Symptome im Vorschulalter untersucht. Es zeigten sich spezifisch mit ADHS-Symptomen assoziierte Defizite in den Bereichen Verzögerungsaversion und Intelligenz. Diese Zusammenhänge zeigten sich bei Berücksichtigung von Kontrollvariablen und unabhängig von ODD-Symptomen. Exekutive Inhibitionskontrolle und Sensomotorik zeigten keine spezifischen Assoziationen mit ADHS- oder ODD-Symptomen. Für die ODD-Symptome ergab sich kein über die ADHS-Symptome hinausgehender Zusammenhang mit neuropsychologischen Defiziten. Die Ergebnisse werden in den aktuellen Forschungsrahmen der Ätiologie externalisierender Störungen eingeordnet. Spezifische Assoziationen zwischen neuropsychologischen Defiziten einerseits und ADHS- und ODD-Symptomen andererseits scheinen vorzuliegen. Die Identifikation von Subgruppen mit spezifischen Basisdefiziten wird als Ziel zukünftiger Forschung dargestellt. Die Manuskripte #2, #3 und #4 fokussieren die Wirksamkeit elternzentrierter Interventionen zur Behandlung externalisierender Störungen im Kindesalter. Manuskript #2 fasst in einem systematischen Review die Wirksamkeit elternzentrierter Interventionen zur Behandlung psychischer Störungen im Kindesalter zusammen. Hierbei wurden sowohl Belege für die Wirksamkeit elternzentrierter Interventionen zur Behandlung internalisierender als auch externalisierender Störungen gefunden. Die Befundlage zu externalisierenden Störungen erwies sich dabei als deutlich breiter und liefert metaanalytische Ergebnisse zu Auswirkungen auf das kindliche Verhalten und elterliche Charakteristika. Diese umfassendere Befundlage ist allerdings deutlich heterogen. Um eine genauere Aussage über die Höhe der Effekte zu ermöglichen, wurden deshalb in den Manuskripten #3 und #4 die Ergebnisse mittels Meta-Metaanalysen zusammengefasst. Hierbei ergaben sich moderate und stabile Effekte elternzentrierter Interventionen sowohl auf das kindliche Verhalten allgemein als auch spezifisch auf das externalisierende Verhalten. Diese positiven Ergebnisse zeigten sich sowohl im Elternurteil als auch in der Verhaltensbeobachtung, was die Zuverlässigkeit der Ergebnisse untermauert. Hinsichtlich elterlicher Charakteristika zeigten sich in den Analysen moderate und stabile Effekte für das Erziehungsverhalten und die elterliche Wahrnehmung. In den Daten zur Verhaltensbeobachtung bestätigten sich die positiven Effekte auf das Erziehungsverhalten aber nicht. Ein kleiner und stabiler Effekt konnte zudem für die elterliche Beziehungsqualität gefunden werden. Ein ebenfalls kleiner Effekt auf die elterliche psychische Gesundheit zeigte sich im Follow-Up hingegen nicht mehr. In der Diskussion werden die Heterogenität der Ergebnisse und weitere Forschungsansätze erörtert. Insgesamt lässt sich ein positiver Effekt frühzeitiger elternzentrierter Interventionen sowohl auf das kindliche Verhalten als auch elterliche Charakteristika feststellen. Elternzentrierte Interventionen sollten daher als evidenzbasierte Interventionen in der Praxis angewendet werden.

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