Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg
Titel:Dysfunktionale Erwartungen bei Personen mit depressiver Symptomatik - Relevanz, Aufrechterhaltung und Mechanismen der Veränderung
Autor:Kube, Tobias
Weitere Beteiligte: Rief, Winfrief (Prof. Dr.)
Veröffentlicht:2017
URI:https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2018/0090
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17192/z2018.0090
URN: urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2018-00908
DDC: Psychologie
Titel (trans.):Dysfunctional expectations in major depression – relevance, maintenance, and mechanisms of change
Publikationsdatum:2018-02-28
Lizenz:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Dokument

Schlagwörter:
Placebo, Erwartungen, Immunisierung, Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie, Depression, Verhaltensexperiment

Zusammenfassung:
Eine Vielzahl von Studien belegt die Bedeutung von dysfunktionalen Kognitionen für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von depressiven Störungen. Jüngste Arbeiten legen jedoch nahe, dass dysfunktionale Erwartungen eine besonders relevante Untergruppe von Kognitionen im Kontext depressiver Störungen darstellen könnten, da Erwartungen als zukunftsgerichtete Kognitionen individuelle Vorhersagen für die Zukunft darstellen und damit das zukünftige Wohlbefinden entscheidend beeinflussen könnten. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war es daher, die Rolle von dysfunktionalen Erwartungen bei Personen mit depressiver Symptomatik genauer zu untersuchen. Dafür wurde zunächst ein Fragebogen entwickelt, der depressions-spezifische Erwartungen mit einem hohen Maß an situativer Spezifität erfasst (Studie 1). In einer gemischten Stichprobe (N=175) zeigte dieser Fragebogen dabei gute bis sehr gute psychometrische Gütekriterien. In einer weiteren Studie mit einer klinischen Stichprobe (N=95) zeigte sich im Querschnitt, dass situations-spezifische dysfunktionale Erwartungen (SDE) ein wichtiges Bindeglied zwischen globalen Kognitionen und depressiven Symptomen darstellen, da SDE den Einfluss von globalen Kognitionen auf depressive Symptome mediierten (Studie 2). Bei Betrachtung der Längsschnittdaten einer klinischen (N=52) und einer gesunden Stichprobe (N=47) zeigte sich, dass SDE depressive Symptome zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt besser vorhersagten als globale Kognitionen (Studie 3). Nachdem in Studien 1-3 gezeigt wurde, dass dysfunktionale Erwartungen einen wichtigen Einfluss auf depressive Symptome haben, wurde in Studien 4-6 untersucht, inwiefern sich dysfunktionale Erwartungen durch erwartungsverletzende Erfahrungen verändern lassen. Dabei wurde zunächst in einem theoretischen Modell die Hypothese formuliert, dass Personen mit depressiver Symptomatik häufig trotz korrigierender Erfahrungen an dysfunktionalen Erwartungen festhalten, indem sie erwartungsverletzende Erfahrungen im Nachhinein uminterpretieren und abwerten (sog. kognitive Immunisierung, Studie 4). Nachfolgend wurde mit Hilfe einer studentischen Stichprobe (N=102) ein experimentelles Paradigma entwickelt, mit dem die Veränderung von Erwartungen bei Personen mit depressiven Symptomen untersucht werden kann (Studie 5). In Studie 6 zeigte sich schließlich, dass Personen mit depressiver Symptomatik (N=58) tatsächlich trotz erwartungsverletzender Erfahrungen an ihren ursprünglichen Erwartungen festhielten, während gesunde Personen (N=59) ihre Erwartungen in der gleichen Situation veränderten. Zusätzlich konnte in einem weiteren Teilexperiment (N=59) bestätigt werden, dass kognitive Immunisierung einen wichtigen Mechanismus darstellt, der der Aufrechterhaltung von Erwartungen zu Grunde liegt.

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