Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg
Titel:Charakterisierung der großen GTPase Myxovirus Resistance Protein 1 (Mx1) im intrazellulären Proteintransport
Autor:Hoff, Florian
Weitere Beteiligte: Jacob, Ralf (Prof. Dr.)
Veröffentlicht:2015
URI:https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2015/0608
URN: urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2015-06084
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17192/z2015.0608
DDC: Biowissenschaften, Biologie
Titel (trans.):Characterization of the large GTPase Myxovirus Resistance Protein 1 (Mx1) in intracellular protein transport
Publikationsdatum:2015-12-16
Lizenz:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Dokument

Schlagwörter:
epithelia, Dynamin, Epithelzelle, vesicle, protein, GTPase, Proteintransport, GTPase, Polarität, Cytologie, Proteintransport, Vesikel, trafficking

Zusammenfassung:
Der intrazelluläre Proteintransport in polaren Epithelzellen basiert zunächst auf der Seite der zu transportierenden Moleküle aus einem komplexen Code von Sortiersignalen, Proteinmodifikationen und einer Assoziation mit spezifischen Lipidkompositionen. Dem gegenüber steht auf der anderen Seite eine hochspezialisierte zelluläre Transportmaschinerie, bestehend aus einem breiten Spektrum verschiedener Protein- und Zytoskelettkomponenten, die diesen Code zu entschlüsseln vermag und das Transportgut zur jeweiligen Destination befördert. Auf der Suche nach bislang unbekannten Faktoren im Proteintransport wurde bei einer Analyse von Vesikeln des biosynthetischen lipid raft-unabhängigen Transportwegs in polaren Epithelzellen die große GTPase Myxovirus Resistance Protein 1 (Mx1) entdeckt. Mx1 gilt allgemein als streng Interferon-induziertes Protein, das im Zuge viraler Infektionen synthetisiert wird und eine antivirale Immunantwort vermittelt. Der genaue Mechanismus hinter dieser antiviralen Aktivität ist bislang weitgehend unverstanden. Verschiedene Studien lassen vermuten, dass Mx1 in der Lage ist Viruskomponenten innerhalb der Zelle fehlzuleiten, sodass sie nicht mehr für eine virale Replikation zur Verfügung stehen. Eine mögliche Funktion von Mx1 im intrazellulären Transportsystem ist daher vorstellbar und sollte in dieser Arbeit näher untersucht werden. Mx1 wird in polaren Epithelzellen der caninen Niere (MDCK-Zellen) konstitutiv, ohne Interferoninduktion, exprimiert. In dieser Zelllinie zeigte diese große GTPase eine Assoziation mit post- Golgi vesikulären Membranen, die positiv für den Neurotrophinrezeptor p75NTR waren und lipid raft- unabhängig zur apikalen Domäne transportiert wurden. Eine Reduktion der Mx1-Synthese mittels RNA- Interferenz bewies, dass die große GTPase nicht nur mit diesen Vesikeln assoziiert war, sondern auch eine Rolle in ihrem Transport ausübte. Die Mx1-Depletion führte zu signifikant weniger p75NTR an der apikalen Plasmamembran. Darüber hinaus wurde die Sekretion der zwei löslichen Peptide Galectin-3 und gp80 ebenso signifikant reduziert. Der Mx1-knockdown resultierte nicht in einer veränderten Beförderung dieser drei Proteine an die basolaterale Membran, sondern zu einer verminderten Effizienz des apikalen Transports. Mit Hilfe von Immunfluoreszenzstudien und des Proximity Ligation Assays (PLA) konnten Mx1-positive Membranen dem endosomalen System zugeordnet werden. Dort lag die große GTPase zusammen mit Galectin-3 vor, ein Lektin, welches für die korrekte Sortierung lipid raft- unabhängiger Proteine essentiell ist. Des Weiteren interagierte Mx1 direkt mit dem Tubulin- und Aktinzytoskelett und zeigte im PLA eine unmittelbare Nähe zu Tubulin-abhängigen Motorproteinen. Welche genaue Aufgabe Mx1 im intrazellulären Transport ausübt, ist noch nicht verstanden. Durch die Zugehörigkeit zur Dynamin-Superfamilie und Strukturähnlichkeiten zu den klassischen Dynaminen, ist eine Funktion in der Fission von Transportvesikeln im post-Golgi endosomalen Netzwerk möglich. Eine Expressionsstudie zeigte, dass Mx1 nicht nur in MDCK-Zellen konstitutiv hergestellt wurde, sondern auch in weiteren Zelllinien ohne Interferonbehandlung detektiert werden konnte. Nun wurde erstmals mit dieser Arbeit eine Funktion von Mx1 im biosynthetischen Proteintransport aufgezeigt. Diese Beobachtungen deuten darauf hin, dass Mx1 nicht nur als antiviraler Faktor fungiert, sondern generell in intrazellulären Transportmechanismen involviert ist.

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