Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg
Titel:Molecular Control of Extracellular DNA Release and Degradation in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Biofilms: The Role of Phages and Nucleases
Autor:Binnenkade, Lucas
Weitere Beteiligte: Thormann, Kai (Prof. Dr.)
Veröffentlicht:2015
URI:https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2015/0232
URN: urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2015-02327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17192/z2015.0232
DDC:000 Allgemeines, Wissenschaft
Titel (trans.):Molekulare Kontrolle der Freisetzung und des Abbaus von extrazellulärer DNA in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Biofilmen: Die Rolle von Phagen und Nukleasen
Publikationsdatum:2015-12-16
Lizenz:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Dokument

Schlagwörter:
Phage, Biofilm, extrazelluläre DNA, Nuklaese, extracellular DNA, biofilm, nuclease, Biofilm, phage

Summary:
Bakterien bilden unter natürlichen Bedingungen häufig oberflächen-assoziierte multizelluläre Gemeinschaften, welche allgemein als Biofilme bezeichnet werden. Die Bildung von Biofilmen ist ein komplexer und präzise regulierter Prozess, der es Bakterien ermöglicht, beinahe jede Art von Oberfläche zu besiedeln und dadurch physikalischen Stressfaktoren, Nährstoffmangel und Antibiotika standzuhalten. Des Weiteren kann oberflächenassoziiertes Wachstum die Virulenz von pathogenen Bakterien erhöhen und Umweltkeimen die Erschließung von Oberflächen als Nährstoff- und Energiequelle ermöglichen. Aus diesem Grund hat sich gezeigt, dass bakterielle Biofilmbildung von großer medizinischer, ökologischer und ökonomischer Relevanz ist. Ein wichtiger Bestandteil von Biofilmen ist die extrazelluläre polymere Matrix welche sich typischerweise aus Exopolysacchariden, Proteinen und extrazellulärer DNA (eDNA) zusammensetzt. Die Bedeutung der eDNA für Biofilme war lange unklar, jedoch konnte durch eine Reihe von Studien gezeigt werden, dass eDNA für die meisten Bakterienspezies, darunter Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, von essentieller Bedeutung für die strukturelle Entwicklung der Biofilme ist. Vielfach unbekannt sind jedoch Mechanismen, welche die Freisetzung von eDNA regulieren bzw. ausführen und solche, die an der Modulation und am Abbau (z.B. zur endogen induzierten Auflösung von Biofilmen oder zur Erschließung von eDNA als Nährstoffquelle) beteiligt sind. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde diese Mechanismen molekularbiologisch, mikroskopisch und biochemisch untersucht.

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