Dokument

Zusammenfassung:
In der Spermiogenese von Drosophila wird im Kanustadium der Wechsel von einer auf Histonen- zu einer auf Protaminen basierenden Chromatinstruktur von einer großen Menge an DNA Brüchen begleitet. Die Analyse der Induktion wie auch der Reparatur dieser Brüche, liegt im Fokus des ersten Teils dieser Dissertation. Hierfür wird zunächst die Beteiligung von Endonukleasen am Setzen der DNA Brüche untersucht, doch aufgrund der Expressionsmuster können die Nukleasen Tengl1-4, wie auch Squash und Squash like als Induktoren der Strangbrüche ausgeschlossen werden. Parallel zu den DNA Brüchen werden große Mengen an UbcD6, dem Drosophila Homolog zu Rad6 in Hefen, exprimiert und eine Beteiligung des Enzyms an der Reparatur der DNA wurde in Betracht gezogen. Jedoch ist es nicht möglich das Fusionsprotein UbcD6 eGFP im Kanustadium zu exprimieren und so wird die Verteilung weiterer Proteine der Rad6 Postreplikationsreparatur untersucht. Allerdings sind die Transkripte der Komponenten ausschließlich in frühen Spermatogenesestadien zu detektieren und so scheint die Reparatur der Brüche durch UbcD6 auf anderen Mechanismen zu beruhen. Der Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Dissertation befasst sich jedoch mit der Analyse des Histon ähnlichen Proteins Mst77F. Mst77F ist ein Chromatin assoziiertes Protein, dessen Transkription tTAF abhängig erfolgt und zudem einer translationalen Repression unterliegt. Jedoch wird die translationale Repression von Mst77F, im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Testis spezifischen Genen, nicht über die 5' UTR reguliert. Vielmehr zeigen meine Analysen von transgenen Fliegen, dass die Repression wie auch die Aktivierung der Translation der Mst77F mRNA über Bereiche im ORF kontrolliert wird. Weiterführende Expressionsstudien zeigen zudem, dass Mst77F in Spermatozyten einer speziellen Transkriptionsrepressions¬kontrolle unterliegt und die Translation von Mst77F spezifisch in der Spermiogenese aktiviert wird. Eine Translation in somatischen Zellen erfolgt hingegen nur sehr ineffizient. Mst77F bildet eine Komponente des reifen Spermiums und überraschenderweise zeigen 20 % der späten Spermatidenkerne, nach einer ektopischen Expression von Mst77F eGFP, im wildtypischen Mst77F Hintergrund, eine abnormale Kernform. Zudem kann gezeigt werden, dass dieser Phänotyp in Abhängigkeit von speziellen Proteindomänen, einer C terminalen Domäne mit Kernlokalisationssignalen und einer N terminalen Coiled Coil Domäne, auftritt. Über die Coiled Coil Domäne können Proteininteraktionen bzw. Vernetzungen von Proteinen erfolgen. in vitro führt dies zu einer Kompaktierung im Chromatin, in Übereinstimmung mit den hier präsentierten in vivo Daten. Daher kann postuliert werden, dass Mst77F während der Reifung des Spermiums, eine Region spezifische Chromatinkondensation, ermöglicht.

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