Laborda, M.A., McConnell, B.L., + Miller, R.R. (2011). Behavioral techniques to reduce relapse after exposure therapy: Applications of studies of experimental extinction. In T. R. Schachtman + S. Reilly (Eds.), Associative learning and conditioning theory: Human and non-human applications (pp. 79–103). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Pearce, J. M. (1987). A model for stimulus generalization in Pavlovian conditioning. Psychological Review, 94, 61–73. Rescorla, R. A. (1969). Pavlovian conditioned inhibition. Psychological Bulletin, 72, 77-94. Reminder Cues 21 21 Schmajuk, N.A. and Holland, P.C. (1998). Occasion Setting, Associative Learning and Cognition in Animals. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Bustamante, J., Uengoer, M., Thorwart, A., + Lachnit, H. (submitted). Extinction in multiple contexts: Effects on the rate of extinction and the strength of response recovery. Learning + Behavior. Greenhouse, S. W., + Geisser, S. (1959). On methods in the analysis of profile data. Psychometrika, 24(2), 95–112. Rescorla, R.A. (2003). Protection from extinction. Animal Learning + Behavior, 31(2), 124– 132. Additional Information Languages: German (advanced), English (advanced), Spanish (native speaker). Address: Carl-Strehl-Straße 1, 35039 Marburg, Germany. Javier Bustamante, and is part of his doctoral project. We also thank Kathrin Bahlinger, Joanna Buryn-Weizel, Dominik Deffner, Barnd Hengstebeck, Lukas Herbst, Jascha Kristek, Anne-Marie Leonhardt, Simon Samstag, and Francisco Wilhelm for their help with data collection. Bustamante, J., Uengoer, M., + Lachnit, H. (2012). An extinction cue fails to prevent ABA renewal in human predictive learning. Poster presented at the 2nd Joint Meeting SEPC-ISCP, Jaén, Spain. August – December 2009: Assistant Professor at the course " Cognitive-behavioral Psychology " , Alberto Hurtado University. March 2005 – December 2010: Assistant Professor at the course " Learning Psychology " , University of Chile. Rescorla, R.A., + Wagner, A.R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and non-reinforcement. In A. H. Black + W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current theory and research (pp. 64–99). Aguirre, N., Alarcón, D., Bustamante, J. + Enriquez, A. (2007). " Counteraction between contingency degradation and overshadowing in humans " . Talk held at the 1st Psychology Students National Congress CONAEP, Santiago de Chile, Chile. Curriculum Vitae Personal Information Name: Javier Bustamante Alvarez Date and Place of Birth: 20.03.1986, Santiago de Chile. Nationality: Chilean. Aguirre, N., Alarcón, D., Bustamante, J. + Enriquez, A. (2007). " Educational role of the Psychology of Learning's lab in the Universidad de Chile, 1998-2007 " . Talk held at the 1st Psychology Students National Congress CONAEP, Santiago de Chile. E-Mail: javier.bustamante@staff.uni-marburg.de Academic Background Since October 2011: PhD-Student, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg. E-Mail: je.bustamante@gmail.com Office Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany Phone: (+49)06421-2823782 Bustamante, J., + Bórquez, M. (2008): Impacto intergeneracional de la prisión: El círculo de la delincuencia. Debates Penitenciarios, 8, 7-17. April – July 2014: Lecturer at the course " Wahrnehmungspsychologie " (Psychology of Perception), Philipps-Universität Marburg. Thesis: " Mechanisms of contextual control: The role of cue-outcome associations in renewal " . Others November 2008: Member of the organizing Committee of the 1st Congress of Ethology and 3rd Meeting of Comparative Psychology, Santiago de Chile. Holland, P. C. (1983). Occasion-setting in Pavlovian feature positive discriminations. In M. L. Commons, R. J. Herrnstein, + A. R. Wagner (Eds.), Quantitative analyses of behavior: Discrimination processes (pp. 183–206). New York: Ballinger. June 2010: Professional habilitation (Título profesional), Psychology, University of Chile. March 2004 – December 2008: Degree (Licenciatura) in Psychology, University of Chile. Awards April 2011 – April 2015: Reciprocal Scholarship of the DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst -German Academic Exchange Service) for doctoral studies in Germany. March 2004 – December 2008: Beca " Bicentenario " ( " Bicentennial " Scholarship), scholarship of the Chilean Government for talented students of low economic extraction. Indexed Publications Bustamante, J., Uengoer, M., + Lachnit, H. (submitted). Reminder cues modulate ABC renewal in human predictive learning. Experimental Psychology. Aguirre, N., Alarcón, D., Bustamante, J. + Enriquez, A. (2007). " Skinner's behaviorism: Analysis of its epistemological assumptions and its possibility of science according to Popper and Lakatos " . Talk held at the 1st Psychology Students National Congress CONAEP, Santiago de Chile. Supervisor(s): Prof. Dr. Harald Lachnit (primary), Philipps-Universität Marburg. Prof. Dr. Dibbets, P., + Maes, J.H.R. (2011). The effect of an extinction cue on ABA-renewal: Does valence matter? Learning and Motivation, 42, 133–144. The research reported in this article was supported by a doctoral scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst-DAAD) granted to February – July 2009: Internship in Personnel selection and Recruitment, Telefónica Chile S.A. Rescorla, R.A. (1986). Extinction of facilitation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 12, 16–24. Pearce, J. M. (1994). Similarity and discrimination: A selective review and a connectionist model. Psychological Review, 101, 587–607. Urcelay, G.P., + Miller, R.R. (2014). The functions of contexts in associative learning. Behavioural Processes, 104, 2–12. Dibbets, P., Havermans, R., + Arntz, A. (2008). All we need is a cue to remember: The effect of an extinction cue on renewal. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1070–1077. Üngör, M. + Lachnit, H. (2008). Dissociations among ABA, ABC, and AAB Recovery Effects. Learning and Motivation, 39(3), 181–195. Vansteenwegen, D., Vervliet, B., Hermans, D., Beckers, T., Baeyens, F., + Eelen, P. (2006). Stronger renewal in human fear conditioning when tested with an acquisition retrieval cue than with an extinction retrieval cue. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1717– 1725. Reminder Cues 22 22 ppn:360229069 Philipps-Universität Marburg Erneuerung Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg Universitätsbibliothek Marburg Renewal Context Der “Renewal-Effekt” beschreibt die Rückkehr einer zuvor extingierten konditionierten Reaktion nach der Änderung der Kontextreize, die während der Extinktion anwesend waren. Der Renewal-Effekt bietet eine Erklärung für den Rückfall, der häufig bei Patienten nach Behandlung mit Konfrontationsmethoden beobachtet wird. Der Renewal- Effekt weist darauf hin, dass das ursprüngliche Verhalten wahrscheinlich wiederauftreten wird, wenn der Patient den Behandlungskontext verlässt. Aus diesem Grund wurden verschiedene Manipulationen untersucht, die potentiell die Rückkehr von extingiertem Lernen verhindern können. Bouton (1991) schlug vor, Extinktion in mehreren Kontexten durchzuführen, oder “Reminder Cues” in der Extinktionsphase zu präsentieren, um das Extinktionslernen über seinen Kontext hinaus zu generalisieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den assoziativen Mechanismus von beiden Behandlungen. Gegenwärtige Theorien schlagen zwei Möglichkeiten vor. Das Rescorla- Wagner Modell (1972) vermutet, dass Kontexte und Reminder Cues das Reaktionsniveau durch eine direkte Assoziation mit dem US beeinflussen. Boutons Theorie (Bouton, 1993) nimmt hingegen an, dass Kontexte und Reminder Cues den Abruf der ganzen CS-US Assoziation modulieren. Zur Differenzierung zwischen beiden Theorien orientierte sich diese Arbeit im Vorgehen an Studien (e.g. Bouton + Swartzentruber, 1986; Harris et al., 2000), die die assoziative Geschichte der modulierenden Elemente manipulierten. Die erste Studie untersuchte Extinktion in mehreren Kontexten. Hierbei wurden im Extinktionskontext auch exzitatorische Paarungen dargeboten. In der zweiten Studie wurden die Lerngeschichten von Reminder Cues systematisch manipuliert. Beide Studien zeigen, dass eine direkte Assoziation von Kontexten und Reminder Cues mit dem US nicht notwendig ist. Die Ergebnisse beider Studien sind mit der Idee vereinbar, dass Kontexte und Reminder Cues den Abruf der CS-US Assoziation modulieren. 2015 Psychology Psychologie Learning 2015-05-27 2015-06-15 English https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2015/0242/cover.png application/pdf opus:6118 Bustamante, Javier Bustamante Javier https://doi.org/10.17192/z2015.0242 Lernen Psychologie Mechanisms of contextual control: The role of cue-outcome associations in renewal urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2015-02423 Extinction ths Prof. Dr. Lachnit Harald Lachnit, Harald (Prof. Dr.) The renewal effect is the recovery of an extinguished response that occurs when the target stimulus is presented outside of the extinction context. Renewal is relevant because it offers an explanation for relapse, which is frequent after exposure-based treatments. The renewal effect thus shows that the original problematic behavior will recover when the patient leaves the treatment context. Due to this problem some manipulations have been experimentally examined, that could potentially prevent relapse. Bouton (1991) suggested that conducting extinction in multiple contexts, and the use of retrieval cues for extinction, could be useful in preventing relapse. The present work examined the associative mechanisms of both manipulations. Contemporary learning theories can be divided in two classes of mechanisms. The Rescorla-Wagner model, for instance, sees the context as another CS that can enter into a direct association with the US. Bouton’s retrieval model assumes on the other hand that contextual cues modulate the retrieval of the complete CS-US association. To differentiate between both accounts this work was based on previous studies that manipulated the associative history of contextual cues to examine their associative mechanisms. The first part of the thesis examined the effect of extinction in multiple contexts on renewal when additional excitatory trials are presented in the extinction context. The second part examined the effect of retrieval cues on renewal when the associative history of each retrieval cue is manipulated. The results showed that a direct association with the US is not necessary for both manipulations to attenuate renewal. Thus, the results of the present studies are consistent with the idea that both contexts and retrieval cues help recall the memory of the CS-US association. Mechanismen für kontextuelle Kontrolle: Die Rolle von Cue-Outcome Assoziationen bei Renewal Fachbereich Psychologie doctoralThesis Kontext monograph