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In: Language and Cognitive Processes 13.1, pp. 21–58. ths Prof. Dr. Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina (Prof. Dr.) Elektroencephalogramm Modellierung Philipps-Universität Marburg Sprachverarbeitung Quantität und Qualität: kein Nullsummenspiel mixed effects models https://doi.org/10.17192/z2015.0221 urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2015-02216 Die Quantifizierung stellt für die Theoriebildung in der Neurolinguistik eine große Herausforderung und eine große Chance dar. Denn die Quantifizierung ist nötig für die Entwicklung von präzisen Theorien, jedoch verlangt sie neue Methoden und Perspektiven. Zu diesem Zweck wurden vier komplementäre Versuche im Rahmen des extended Argument Dependency Model von Bornkessel-Schlesewsky und Schlesewsky eingeführt. Im Bereich der kognitiven Modellierung wurde ein computationelles Model des menschlichen Sprachverstehens anhand eines Dependency Parser entwickelt. Diese Modellierung dient dem Vergleich der Optimalität der Lösungen eines herkömmlichen Sprachverarbeitungsmodells (Subjekt-Strategie) und des eADMs (Actor-Strategie). Die Ergebnisse zeigten gewisse Vorteile für herkömmliche Modelle in einer eingeschränkten Umgebung. Dennoch zeigte sich das Modell für die Actor-Strategie in einem Testlauf als dem Menschen ähnlicher als das Modell für die Subjekt-Strategie. Im Bereich der Elektrophysiologie wurde anhand von EEG-Daten eine computationell-quantitative Implementierung der Actor-Strategie als gewichteter Eigenschaftsvergleich zwischen Gedächtniseinheiten mit anderen gedächtnisbasierten Ansätzen aus der Literatur verglichen. Die Actor-Strategie erwies sich als die eindeutig beste Strategie mit einer besseren Anpassung sowohl in der globalen Form als auch in allen Einzelheiten. Aufbauend auf dem erfolgreichen Modellierungsversuch mit EEG wurde die Umsetzbarkeit der empirischen Parameterschätzung für die freien Parameter im computationellen Modell gezeigt. Eine Vorgehensweise und zugehörige Software zur Schätzung auf Einzelversuchspersonenbasis wurden eingeführt. Anhand der empirisch geschätzten Parameter wurden die Modelle aus dem EEG-Experiment erneut berechnet. Die Ergebnisse aus dem vorherigen Versuch lassen sich mit den neuen Parametern bestätigen. Im letzten Experiment wurde die Machbarkeit der Auswertung elektrophysiologischer Daten in einer natürlichen Umgebgung nachgewiesen, welche bisher als nicht machbar betrachtet wurde. Aus dieser Auswertung ergab sich eine neue Perspektive auf die Natur ereigniskorrelierter Potenziale (EKPs), die bestehenden Theorien nicht widersprach jedoch der gängigen Intuition. Aufbauend auf diesen Überlegungen wurde ein vorläufiger Ansatz für eine neurocomputationelle Theorie kognitiver EKP-Komponenten vorgeschlagen. 2015-04-15 Elektroencephalographie monograph opus:6048 Fachbereich Germanistik und Kunstwissenschaften Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg Universitätsbibliothek Marburg cognitive modeling Germanistische Sprachwissenschaft Quantity and Quality: Not a Zero-Sum Game Language, Linguistics Sprachwissenschaft, Linguistik Quantification of existing theories is a great challenge but also a great chance for the study of language in the brain. While quantification is necessary for the development of precise theories, it demands new methods and new perspectives. In light of this, four complementary methods were introduced to provide a quantitative and computational account of the extended Argument Dependency Model from Bornkessel-Schlesewsky and Schlesewsky. First, a computational model of human language comprehension was introduced on the basis of dependency parsing. This model provided an initial comparison of two potential mechanisms for human language processing, the traditional "subject" strategy, based on grammatical relations, and the "actor" strategy based on prominence and adopted from the eADM. Initial results showed an advantage for the traditional subject" model in a restricted context; however, the "actor" model demonstrated behavior in a test run that was more similar to human behavior than that of the "subject" model. Next, a computational-quantitative implementation of the "actor" strategy as weighted feature comparison between memory units was used to compare it to other memory-based models from the literature on the basis of EEG data. The "actor" strategy clearly provided the best model, showing a better global fit as well as better match in all details. Building upon the success modeling EEG data, the feasibility of estimating free parameters from empirical data was demonstrated. Both the procedure for doing so and the necessary software were introduced and applied at the level of individual participants. Using empirically estimated parameters, the models from the previous EEG experiment were calculated again and yielded similar results, thus reinforcing the previous work. In a final experiment, the feasibility of analyzing EEG data from a naturalistic auditory stimulus was demonstrated, which conventional wisdom says is not possible. The analysis suggested a new perspective on the nature of event-related potentials (ERPs), which does not contradict existing theory yet nonetheless goes against previous intuition. Using this new perspective as a basis, a preliminary attempt at a parsimonious neurocomputational theory of cognitive ERP components was developed. Computerlinguistik application/pdf 2015-03-18 https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2015/0221/cover.png Alday, Phillip Marshel Alday Phillip Marshel 2015 ppn:357969618 EEG doctoralThesis