Cover Image

Systematisches Review und Metaanalyse kontrollierter Studien zum nicht erholsamen Schlaf

Die Konsequenzen des nicht erholsamen Schlafes sind vielfältig und haben bedeutende gesundheitliche und ökonomische Auswirkungen. So verursachen Erkrankungen, wie das obstruktive Schlafapnoesyndrom oder auch das Restless-Legs-Syndrom, neben dem Leiden und den Einschränkungen der einzelnen Individuen...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Gerhardy, Hanno Julian
Contributors: Sitter, Helmut (Dr.) (Thesis advisor)
Format: Dissertation
Language:German
Published: Philipps-Universität Marburg 2010
Operative Medizin
Subjects:
CPAP
Systematisches Review
Restless-legs-Syndrom
Therapie
Meta-analysis
OSA
APAP
Metaanalyse
Obstructive sleep apnea
Restless legs syndrome
Treatment
Systematic review
Medizin, Gesundheit
Medical sciences, Medicine
Online Access:PDF Full Text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

1. Faccenda JF, Mackay TW, Boon NA, Douglas NJ. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure in the sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Feb;163(2):344-8.

2. Sauerland S, Seiler CM. Role of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in evidence-based medicine. World J Surg. 2005 May;29(5):582-7. [54] Schneider-Helmert D. Asymptomatic insomnia.

3. The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: explanation and elaboration.

4. Automatic CPAP titration with different self-setting devices in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J. 2004 Aug;24(2):273-8.

5. [S66] Mulgrew AT, Cheema R, Fleetham J, Ryan CF, Ayas NT. Efficacy and patient satisfaction with autoadjusting CPAP with variable expiratory pressure vs standard CPAP: a two-night randomized crossover trial. Sleep Breath. 2007 Mar;11(1):31-7.

6. [S75] O'Keeffe ST, Gavin K, Lavan JN. Iron status and restless legs syndrome in the elderly. Age Ageing 1994;23(3):200-203.

7. Charles P, Giraudeau B, Dechartres A, Baron G, Ravaud P. Reporting of sample size calculation in randomised controlled trials: review. BMJ. 2009 May 12;338:b1732. [8]

8. [S108]Trenkwalder C, Stiasny K, Pollmächer T, Wetter T, Schwarz J, Kohnen R, Kazenwadel J, Krüger HP, Ramm S, Künzel M, et al. L-dopa therapy of uremic and idiopathic restless legs syndrome: a double-blind, crossover trial. Sleep. 1995 Oct;18(8):681-8.

9. Fulda S, Wetter TC. Where dopamine meets opioids: a meta-analysis of the placebo effect in restless legs syndrome treatment studies. Brain. 2008 Apr;131(Pt 4):902-17. Epub 2007 Oct 11.

10. Trenkwalder C, Hundemer HP, Lledo A, Swieca J, Polo O, Wetter TC, Ferini-Strambi L, de Groen H, Quail D, Brandenburg U; PEARLS Study Group. Efficacy of pergolide in treatment of restless legs syndrome: the PEARLS Study. Neurology. 2004 Apr 27;62(8):1391-7.

11. Collado-Seidel V, Kazenwadel J, Wetter TC, Kohnen R, Winkelmann J, Selzer R, Oertel WH, Trenkwalder C. A controlled study of additional sr-L-dopa in L-dopa-responsive restless legs syndrome with late-night symptoms. Neurology. 1999 Jan 15;52(2):285-90.

12. [S116] Wetter TC, Stiasny K, Winkelmann J, Buhlinger A, Brandenburg U, Penzel T, Medori R, Rubin M, Oertel WH, Trenkwalder C. A randomized controlled study of pergolide in patients with restless legs syndrome. Neurology. 1999 Mar 23;52(5):944-50.

13. [S42] Hertegonne KB, Rombaut B, Houtmeyers P, Van Maele G, Pevernagie DA. Titration efficacy of two auto-adjustable continuous positive airway pressure devices using different flow limitation-based algorithms. Respiration. 2008;75(1):48-54.

14. [S82] Pevernagie DA, Proot PM, Hertegonne KB, Neyens MC, Hoornaert KP, Pauwels RA. Efficacy of flow-vs impedance-guided autoadjustable continuous positive airway pressure: a randomized cross-over trial. Chest. 2004 Jul;126(1):25-30.

15. [S43] Hertegonne KB, Volna J, Portier S, De Pauw R, Van Maele G, Pevernagie DA. Titration procedures for nasal CPAP: automatic CPAP or prediction formula? Sleep Med. 2008 Oct;9(7):732-8. Epub 2007 Oct 24.

16. Noseda A, Kempenaers C, Kerkhofs M, Braun S, Linkowski P, Jann E. Constant vs auto-continuous positive airway pressure in patients with sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and a high variability in pressure requirement. Chest. 2004 Jul;126(1):31-7.

17. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, Clarke M, Devereaux PJ, Kleijnen J, Moher D. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta- analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration.

18. Hopewell S, Clarke M, Moher D, Wager E, Middleton P, Altman DG, Schulz KF; CONSORT Group. CONSORT for reporting randomized controlled trials in journal and conference abstracts: explanation and elaboration.

19. [S103] Thorp ML, Morris CD, Bagby SP. A crossover study of gabapentin in treatment of restless legs syndrome among hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;38:104-108.

20. [S44] Hirshkowitz M, Black JE, Wesnes K, Niebler G, Arora S, Roth T. Adjunct armodafinil improves wakefulness and memory in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.

21. [S99] Sloand JA, Shelly Mark A, feigin A, Bernstein P, Monk RD. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous iron dextran therapy in patients with ESRD and restless legs syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43(4):663-670.

22. [S112] Walters AS, Hening WA, Kavey N, Chokroverty S, Gidro-Frank S. A double-blind randomized crossover trial of bromocriptine and placebo in restless legs syndrome.

23. [S46] Hudgel DW, Fung C. A long-term randomized, cross-over comparison of auto-titrating and standard nasal continuous airway pressure. Sleep. 2000 Aug 1;23(5):645-8.

24. [S86] Randerath WJ, Heise M, Hinz R, Ruehle KH. An individually adjustable oral appliance vs continuous positive airway pressure in mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest. 2002 Aug;122(2):569-75.

25. [S21] DeMolles DA, Sparrow D, Gottlieb DJ, Friedman R. A pilot trial of a telecommunications system in sleep apnea management. Med Care. 2004 Aug;42(8):764-9.

26. [S49] Khanna R, Kline LR. A prospective 8 week trial of nasal interfaces vs. a novel oral interface (Oracle) for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Sleep Med. 2003 Jul;4(4):333-8.

27. Barnes M, Houston D, Worsnop CJ, Neill AM, Mykytyn IJ, Kay A, Trinder J, Saunders NA, Douglas McEvoy R, Pierce RJ. A randomized controlled trial of continuous positive airway pressure in mild obstructive sleep apnea.

28. [S39] Gay PC, Herold DL, Olson EJ. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing continuous positive airway pressure with a novel bilevel pressure system for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep. 2003 Nov 1;26(7):864-9.

29. [S47] Hussain SF, Love L, Burt H, Fleetham JA. A randomized trial of auto-titrating CPAP and fixed CPAP in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea.

30. [Meta-analyses. A tool for maximizing therapy study evidence?] Nervenarzt. 2007 Sep;78(9):1028-36.

31. Duden, Fremdwörterbuch, 6. Auflage, Mannheim; Wien; Zürich: Dudenverl., 1997. (Der Duden; Bd. 5)

32. Auto-adjusting CPAP based on impedance versus bilevel pressure in difficult-to-treat sleep apnea syndrome: a prospective randomized crossover study.

33. [S87] Randerath WJ, Schraeder O, Galetke W, Feldmeyer F, and Rühle K-H Autoadjusting CPAP Therapy Based on Impedance Efficacy, Compliance and Acceptance Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 652-657.

34. Auto-adjusting versus fixed positive pressure therapy in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep. 2007 Feb 1;30(2):189-94.

35. Ficker JH, Clarenbach CF, Neukirchner C, Fuchs FS, Wiest GH, Schahin SP, Harsch IA, Hahn EG. Auto-CPAP therapy based on the forced oscillation technique. Biomed Tech (Berl). 2003 Mar;48(3):68-72.

36. Randerath WJ. [Automatic positive airway pressure in titration and treatment of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome]

37. Fietze I, Glos M, Moebus I, Witt C, Penzel T, Baumann G. Automatic pressure titration with APAP is as effective as manual titration with CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Respiration. 2007;74(3):279-86.

38. Auto-titrating versus standard continuous positive airway pressure for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: results of a meta-analysis. Sleep. 2004 Mar 15;27(2):249-53.

39. Felson DT. Bias in meta-analytic research. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992 Aug;45(8):885-92.

40. [S104]Trenkwalder C, Benes H, Grote L, Happe S, Högl B, Mathis J, Saletu- Zyhlarz GM, Kohnen R; CALDIR Study Group. Cabergoline compared to levodopa in the treatment of patients with severe restless legs syndrome: results from a multi-center, randomized, active controlled trial.

41. [S35] Fitzpatrick MF, Alloway CE, Wakeford TM, MacLean AW, Munt PW, Day AG. Can patients with obstructive sleep apnea titrate their own continuous positive airway pressure? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Mar 1;167(5):716-22.

42. [S54] Lundvall O, Abom PE, Holm R. Carbamazepine in restless legs. A controlled pilot study.

43. L-DOPA/carbidopa for nocturnal movement disorders in uremia. Sleep 1996;19(3):214-218.

44. [S62] Montagna P, de Bianchi LS, Zucconi M, Cirignotta F, Lugaresi E. Clonazepam and vibration in restless leg syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;69:428-430.

45. Massie CA, McArdle N, Hart RW, Schmidt-Nowara WW, Lankford A, Hudgel DW, Gordon N, Douglas NJ. Comparison between automatic and fixed positive airway pressure therapy in the home.

46. [S36] Galetke W, Anduleit N, Richter K, Stieglitz S, Randerath WJ. Comparison of automatic and continuous positive airway pressure in a night-by-night analysis: a randomized, crossover study. Respiration. 2008;75(2):163-9.

47. Jenkinson C, Davies RJ, Mullins R, Stradling JR. Comparison of therapeutic and subtherapeutic nasal continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised prospective parallel trial. Lancet. 1999 Jun 19;353(9170):2100-5.

48. [S69] Nolan GM, Ryan S, O'connor TM, McNicholas WT. Comparison of three auto-adjusting positive pressure devices in patients with sleep apnoea.

49. [S23] d'Ortho MP, Grillier-Lanoir V, Levy P, Goldenberg F, Corriger E, Harf A, Lofaso F. Constant vs. automatic continuous positive airway pressure therapy: home evaluation. Chest. 2000 Oct;118(4):1010-7.

50. Marshall NS, Barnes M, Travier N, Campbell AJ, Pierce RJ, McEvoy RD, Neill AM, Gander PH. Continuous positive airway pressure reduces daytime sleepiness in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea: a meta-analysis. Thorax. 2006 May;61(5):430-4.

51. Trenkwalder C, Stiasny-Kolster K, Kupsch A, Oertel WH, Koester J, Reess J. Controlled withdrawal of pramipexole after 6 months of open-label treatment in patients with restless legs syndrome.

52. Moher D, Pham B, Jones A, Cook DJ, Jadad AR, Moher M, Tugwell P, Klassen TP. Does quality of reports of randomised trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyses? Lancet. 1998 Aug 22;352(9128):609-13.

53. Stiasny-Kolster K, Benes H, Peglau I, Hornyak M, Holinka B, Wessel K, Emser W, Leroux M, Kohnen R, Oertel WH. Effective cabergoline treatment in idiopathic restless legs syndrome. Neurology. 2004 Dec 28;63(12):2272-9.

54. Monasterio C, Vidal S, Duran J, Ferrer M, Carmona C, Barbé F, Mayos M, Gonzalez-Mangado N, Juncadella M, Navarro A, Barreira R, Capote F, Mayoralas LR, Peces-Barba G, Alonso J, Montserrat JM. Effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure in mild sleep apnea- hypopnea syndrome.

55. [S65] Montserrat JM, Ferrer M, Hernandez L, Farré R, Vilagut G, Navajas D, Badia JR, Carrasco E, De Pablo J, Ballester E. Effectiveness of CPAP treatment in daytime function in sleep apnea syndrome: a randomized controlled study with an optimized placebo. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Aug 15;164(4):608-13.

56. [S41] Henke KG, Grady JJ, Kuna ST. Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on neuropsychological function in sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

57. Roth T, White D, Schmidt-Nowara W, Wesnes KA, Niebler G, Arora S, Black J. Effects of armodafinil in the treatment of residual excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome: a 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in nCPAP-adherent adults.

58. [S22] Dinges DF, Weaver TE. Effects of modafinil on sustained attention performance and quality of life in OSA patients with residual sleepiness while being treated with nCPAP. Sleep Med. 2003 Sep;4(5):393-402.

59. [S83] Planès C, D'Ortho MP, Foucher A, Berkani M, Leroux K, Essalhi M, Delclaux C, Quera-Salva MA, Lofaso F. Efficacy and cost of home-initiated auto-nCPAP versus conventional nCPAP. Sleep. 2003 Mar 15;26(2):156-60.

60. Partinen M, Hirvonen K, Jama L, Alakuijala A, Hublin C, Tamminen I, Koester J, Reess J. Efficacy and safety of pramipexole in idiopathic restless legs syndrome: a polysomnographic dose-finding study--the PRELUDE study. Sleep Med. 2006 Aug;7(5):407-17.

61. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Jan 1;167(1):20-3. [S59] Meurice JC, Marc I, Sériès F. Efficacy of auto-CPAP in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Feb;153(2):794-8.

62. [S72] Oertel WH, Benes H, Bodenschatz R, Peglau I, Warmuth R, Happe S, Geisler P, Cassel W, Leroux M, Kohnen R, Stiasny-Kolster K. Efficacy of cabergoline in restless legs syndrome: a placebo-controlled study with polysomnography (CATOR). Neurology. 2006 Sep 26;67(6):1040-6.

63. [S9] Barnes M, McEvoy RD, Banks S, Tarquinio N, Murray CG, Vowles N, Pierce RJ. Efficacy of positive airway pressure and oral appliance in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea.

64. [S74] Oertel WH, Stiasny-Kolster K, Bergtholdt B, Hallström Y, Albo J, Leissner L, Schindler T, Koester J, Reess J; Pramipexole RLS Study Group. Efficacy of pramipexole in restless legs syndrome: a six-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study (effect-RLS study).

65. Loomis AL, Harvey EN, Hobart G Electrical potentials of the human brain. J Exp Psychol 1936; 19: 249-279

66. [S97] Skinner MA, Kingshott RN, Jones DR, Homan SD, Taylor DR. Elevated posture for the management of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2004 Dec;8(4):193-200.

67. Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman DG. Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA. 1995 Feb 1;273(5):408-12. [56] Schulz KF, Grimes DA. Sample size calculations in randomised trials: mandatory and mystical. Lancet. 2005 Apr 9-15;365(9467):1348-53.

68. Polo O, Ylä-Sahra R, Hirvonen K, Karvinen J, Vahteristo M, Ellmén J. Entacapone prolongs the reduction of PLM by levodopa/carbidopa in restless legs syndrome.

69. Straus SE, Richardson WS, Glasziou P, Haynes RB.: Evidence-based medicine: how to practice and teach EBM.

70. Ballester E, Badia JR, Hernández L, Carrasco E, de Pablo J, Fornas C, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Montserrat JM. Evidence of the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.

71. [S3] Aukerman MM, Aukerman D, Bayard M, Tudiver F, Thorp L, Bailey B. Exercise and restless legs syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Board Fam Med. 2006 Sep-Oct;19(5):487-93.

72. [S115] Wenzel M, Kerl J, Dellweg D, Barchfeld T, Wenzel G, Köhler D. [Expiratory pressure reduction (C-Flex Method) versus fix CPAP in the therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea]

73. First night efficacy of pramipexole in restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements. Sleep Med. 2007 Aug;8(5):491-7.

74. Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup DF, for the Quorom Group Imroving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised cotrolled trials: the QUOROM statement. Lancet 1999; 354: 1896-900

75. Micozkadioglu H, Ozdemir FN, Kut A, Sezer S, Saatci U, Haberal M. Gabapentin versus levodopa for the treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome in hemodialysis patients: an open-label study. Ren Fail 2004;26:393-397.

76. Happe S, Sauter C, Klosch G, Saletu B, Zeitlhofer J. Gabapentin versus ropinirole in the treatment of idiopathic restless legs syndrome. Neuropsychobiology 2003;48 (2):82-86.

77. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Apr 17;134(8):663-94. [4] Bassetti C, Gugger M. [Hypersomnia--etiology, clinic, diagnosis and therapy of excessive sleepiness] Ther Umsch. 2000 Jul;57(7):421-9.

78. Redline S, Adams N, Strauss ME, Roebuck T, Winters M, Rosenberg C. Improvement of mild sleep-disordered breathing with CPAP compared with conservative therapy.

79. Begg C, Cho M, Eastwood S, Horton R, Moher D, Olkin I, Pitkin R, Rennie D, Schulz KF, Simel D, Stroup DF. Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. The CONSORT statement. JAMA. 1996 Aug 28;276(8):637-9. [6] Billiard M, Bentley Is insomnia best categorized as a symptom or a disease? Sleep Med. 2004 Jun;5 Suppl 1:S35-40.

80. Detsky AS, Naylor CD, O'Rourke K, McGeer AJ, L'Abbé KA. Incorporating variations in the quality of individual randomized trials into meta-analysis.

81. Walsh JK. Insights into the public health burden of insomnia. Sleep. 2006 Feb 1;29(2):142-3.

82. Drake CL, Roehrs T, Roth T. Insomnia causes, consequences, and therapeutics: an overview. Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(4):163-76.

83. [S98] Skinner MA, Kingshott RN, Jones DR, Taylor DR. Lack of efficacy for a cervicomandibular support collar in the management of obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 2004 Jan;125(1):118-26.

84. Rainer Klinke und Stefan Silbernagl. Lehrbuch der Physiologie, 4., korrigierte Aufl. Stuttgart ; New York : Thieme, 2003. -XIII, 842 S.

85. Benes H, Deissler A, Rodenbeck A, Engfer A, Kohnen R. Lisuride treatment of restless legs syndrome: first studies with monotherapy in de novo patients and in combination with levodopa in advanced disease.

86. Literaturverzeichnis [1]

87. [S45] Hornyak M, Voderholzer U, Hohagen F, Berger M, Riemann D. Magnesium therapy for periodic leg movements-related insomnia and restless legs syndrome: an open pilot study. Sleep. 1998 Aug 1;21(5):501-5.

88. [S109]Virgilio Gerald H. Evidente, MD, Charles H. Adler, MD, PhD, John N. Caviness, MD, Joseph G. Hentz, Katrina Gwinn-Hardy, MD Amantadine is beneficial in restless legs syndrome. Movement Disorders. 2000; 15(2):324 -327

89. Léger D, Guilleminault C, Bader G, Lévy E, Paillard M. Medical and socio-professional impact of insomnia. Sleep. 2002 Sep 15;25(6):625-9.

90. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3):177-88.

91. [S76] Ondo WG. Methadone for refractory restless legs syndrome.

92. [S77] Pack AI, Black JE, Schwartz JR, Matheson JK. Modafinil as adjunct therapy for daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea.

93. [S5] Bachour A, Hurmerinta K, Maasilta P. Mouth closing device (chinstrap) reduces mouth leak during nasal CPAP. Sleep Med. 2004 May;5(3):261-7.

94. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome: Report of a joint Nordic project Systematic Review 2007

95. [S93] Staedt J, Wassmuth F, Ziemann U, Hajak G, Ruther E, Stoppe G. Pergolide: treatment of choice in restless legs syndrome ( RLS) and nocturnal myoclonus syndrome (NMS). A double -blind randomized crosover trial of pergolide versus L-Dopa.

96. Devereaux PJ, Manns BJ, Ghali WA, Quan H, Lacchetti C, Montori VM, Bhandari M, Guyatt GH. Physician interpretations and textbook definitions of blinding terminology in randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2001 Apr 18;285(15):2000-3.

97. [S12] Bittencourt LR, Lucchesi LM, Rueda AD, Garbuio SA, Palombini LO, Guilleminault C, Tufik S. Placebo and modafinil effect on sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Feb 15;32(2):552-9. [S13] Black JE, Hirshkowitz M. Modafinil for treatment of residual excessive sleepiness in nasal continuous positive airway pressure-treated obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Sleep. 2005 Apr 1;28(4):464-71.

98. Pregabalin in restless legs syndrome with and without neuropathic pain. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007 May;115(5):347-50.

99. [S67] Nilius G, Happel A, Domanski U, Ruhle KH. Pressure-relief continuous positive airway pressure vs constant continuous positive airway pressure: a comparison of efficacy and compliance. Chest. 2006 Oct;130(4):1018-24.

100. Ohayon MM, Lemoine P, Arnaud-Briant V, Dreyfus M. Prevalence and consequences of sleep disorders in a shift worker population. J Psychosom Res. 2002 Jul;53(1):577-83. [44] Ohayon MM, Roth T. What are the contributing factors for insomnia in the general population? J Psychosom Res. 2001 Dec;51(6):745-55. [45] Ohayon MM, Smirne S. Prevalence and consequences of insomnia disorders in the general population of Italy. Sleep Med. 2002 Mar;3(2):115-20.

101. Léger D, Massuel MA, Metlaine A; SISYPHE Study Group. Professional correlates of insomnia. Sleep. 2006 Feb 1;29(2):171-8.

102. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009 Jul 23. [34] Light RJ, Pillemer DB. Quantitative procedures. In Summing up: The Science of Reviewing Research. Cambrig, MA: Haveard University Press; 1984.

103. Randomized crossover trial of two treatments for sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome: continuous positive airway pressure and mandibular repositioning splint.

104. Bliwise DL, Freeman A, Ingram CD, Rye DB, Chakravorty S, Watts RL. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, short-term trial of ropinirole in restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med. 2005 Mar;6(2):141-7.

105. Engleman HM, Kingshott RN, Wraith PK, Mackay TW, Deary IJ, Douglas NJ. Randomized Placebo-controlled Crossover Trial of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Mild Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome.

106. Senn O, Brack T, Matthews F, Russi EW, Bloch KE. Randomized short-term trial of two autoCPAP devices versus fixed continuous positive airway pressure for the treatment of sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Dec 15;168(12):1506-11. [S91] Sériès F, Marc I. Efficacy of automatic continuous positive airway pressure therapy that uses an estimated required pressure in the treatment of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

107. Summers MO, Crisostomo MI, Stepanski EJ. Recent developments in the classification, evaluation, and treatment of insomnia. Chest. 2006 Jul;130(1):276-86.

108. Poolman RW, Struijs PA, Krips R, Sierevelt IN, Marti RK, Farrokhyar F, Bhandari M. Reporting of outcomes in orthopaedic randomized trials: does blinding of outcome assessors matter? J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 Mar;89(3):550-8.

109. Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, et al. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the national institutes of health. Sleep Med 2003;4:101–19.

110. [S64] Montplaisir J, Nicolas A, Denesle R, Gomez-Mancilla B. Restless legs syndrome improved by pramipexole: a double-blind randomized trial. Neurology. 1999 Mar 23;52(5):938-43.

111. Allen R, Becker PM, Bogan R, Schmidt M, Kushida CA, Fry JM, Poceta JS, Winslow D. Ropinirole decreases periodic leg movements and improves sleep parameters in patients with restless legs syndrome. Sleep. 2004 Aug 1;27(5):907-14.

112. Verzeichnis der Studien des systematischen Reviews und der Metaanalysen [S1] Adler CH, Hauser RA, Sethi K, Caviness JN, Marlor L, Anderson WM, Hentz JG. Ropinirole for restless legs syndrome: a placebo-controlled crossover trial. Neurology. 2004 Apr 27;62(8):1405-7.

113. Ropinirole in the treatment of patients with restless legs syndrome: a US- based randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Jan;81(1):17-27.

114. [S63] Montplaisir J, Karrasch J, Haan J, Volc D. Ropinirole is effective in the long-term management of restless legs syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

115. Ropinirole is effective in the treatment of restless legs syndrome. TREAT RLS 2: a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo- controlled study.

116. Stiasny-Kolster K, Kohnen R, Schollmayer E, Möller JC, Oertel WH; Rotigotine Sp 666 Study Group. Patch application of the dopamine agonist rotigotine to patients with moderate to advanced stages of restless legs syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.

117. Oertel WH, Benes H, Garcia-Borreguero D, Geisler P, Högl B, Saletu B, Trenkwalder C, Sommerville KW, Schollmayer E, Kohnen R, Stiasny- Kolster K; Rotigotine SP 709 Study Group. Efficacy of rotigotine transdermal system in severe restless legs syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, six-week dose-finding trial in Europe. Sleep Med. 2008 Mar;9(3):228-39.

118. [S70] Nordlander NB. Therapy in restless legs syndrome.

119. Grote L., Schneider H.: Schlafapnoe und kardiovaskulare Erkrankungen. Thieme Verlag 1996.

120. Perimenis P, Karkoulias K, Konstantinopoulos A, Perimeni PP, Katsenis G, Athanasopoulos A, Spyropoulos K. Sildenafil versus continuous positive airway pressure for erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnea: a comparative study of their efficacy and safety and the patient's satisfaction with treatment. Asian J Androl. 2007 Mar;9(2):259-64.

121. [S114]Walters AS, Wagner ML, Hening WA, Grasing K, Mills R, Chokroverty S, Kavey N. Successful treatment of the idiopathic restless legs syndrome in a randomized double-blind trial of oxycodone versus placebo. Sleep. 1993 Jun;16(4):327-32.

122. Garcia-Borreguero D, Winkelman J, Adams A, Ellis A, Morris M, Lamb J, Layton G, Versavel M; Sumanirole in RLS Study Group. Efficacy and tolerability of sumanirole in restless legs syndrome: a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Sleep Med. 2007 Mar;8(2):119-27.

123. Jüni P, Altman DG, Egger M. Systematic reviews in health care: Assessing the quality of controlled clinical trials. BMJ. 2001 Jul 7;323(7303):42-6.

124. The direct and indirect costs of untreated insomnia in adults in the United States. Sleep. 2007 Mar 1;30(3):263-73.

125. Walsh JK, Engelhardt CL. The direct economic costs of insomnia in the United States for 1995. Sleep. 1999 May 1;22 Suppl 2:S386-93.

126. May GS, DeMets DL, Friedman LM, Furberg C, Passamani E. The randomized clinical trial: bias in analysis. Circulation. 1981 Oct;64(4):669-73.

127. Trenkwalder C, Garcia-Borreguero D, Montagna P, Lainey E, de Weerd AW, Tidswell P, Saletu-Zyhlarz G, Telstad W, Ferini-Strambi L; Therapy with Ropiunirole; Efficacy and Tolerability in RLS 1 Study Group. Ropinirole in the treatment of restless legs syndrome: results from the TREAT RLS 1 study, a 12 week, randomised, placebo controlled study in 10 European countries.

128. Fleiss JL. The statistical basis of meta-analysis.

129. [S24] Earley CJ, Heckler D, Allen RP. The treatment of restless legs syndrome with intravenous iron dextran. Sleep Med 2004:5:231-235 [S25] Earley CJ, Yaffee JB, Allen RP. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pergolide in restless legs syndrome. Neurology. 1998 Dec;51(6):1599-602.

130. [S16] Boghen D, Lamothe L, Elie R, Godbout R, Montplaisir J. The treatment of the restless legs syndrome with clonazepam: a prospective controlled study Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1986;13:245-247

131. [S80] Pérez Bravo, A. Topiramate use as treatment in restless legs syndrome. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2004;32(3):132-137

132. Walters AS. Toward a better definition of the restless legs syndrome and the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Mov Disord 1995;10:634–642.

133. [S26] Eisensehr I, Ehrenberg BL, Rogge Solti S, Noachtar S. Treatment of idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) with slow-release valproic acid compared with slow-release levodopa/benserazid.

134. Brodeur C, Montplaisir J, Godbout R, Marinier R. Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements during sleep with L-dopa: a double-blind, controlled study. Neurology 1988(38):1845-1848.

135. Teschler H, Wessendorf TE, Farhat AA, Konietzko N, and Berthon-Jones M Two months auto-adjusting versus conventional nCPAP for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome Eur Respir J 2000 15: 990-995.

136. Use of conventional and self-adjusting nasal continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a comparative study. Chest. 1998 Mar;113(3):714-8.

137. Use of the CONSORT statement and quality of reports of randomized trials: a comparative before-and-after evaluation. JAMA. 2001 Apr 18;285(15):1992-5.

138. Hollis S, Campbell F. What is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of published randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 1999 Sep 11;319(7211):670-4.

139. Dündar Y, Boland A, Strobl J, Dodd S, Haycox A, Bagust A, Bogg J, Dickson R, Walley T. Newer hypnotic drugs for the short-term management of insomnia: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2004 Jun;8(24):iii-x, 1-125.

140. [S18] Chakravorty I, Cayton RM, Szczepura A. Health utilities in evaluating intervention in the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. Eur Respir J. 2002 Nov;20(5):1233-8.

141. Deville WL, Buntinx F, Bouter LM, Montori VM, de Vet HC, van der Windt DA, Bezemer PD.: Conducting systematic reviews of diagnostic studies: didactic guidelines. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2002. 2:9.

142. Classen M., Diehl V., Kochsiek K.: Innere Medizin. Urban und Schwarzenberg Verlag 1994. [9] Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions http://www.cochrane-handbook.org/ Stand: 12.11.2008

143. Allen RP, Walters AS, Montplaisir J, Hening W, Myers A, Bell TJ, Ferini-Strambi L. Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1286–1292.

144. Last JM. A Dictionary of Epidemiology. 2nd edn. New York: Oxford University Press; 1988: 13-14

145. McCulloch P, Taylor I, Sasako M, Lovett B, Griffin D. Randomised trials in surgery: problems and possible solutions. BMJ. 2002 Jun 15;324(7351):1448-51.

146. [S100] Telstad W, Sørensen O, Larsen S, Lillevold PE, Stensrud P, Nyberg- Hansen R. Treatment of the restless legs syndrome with carbamazepine: a double blind study.

147. Engleman HM, Martin SE, Kingshott RN, Mackay TW, Deary IJ, Douglas NJ. Randomised placebo controlled trial of daytime function after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome.

148. [S29] Engleman HM, Martin SE, Deary IJ, Douglas NJ. Effect of CPAP therapy on daytime function in patients with mild sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. Thorax. 1997 Feb;52(2):114-9.

149. [S57] Marshall NS, Neill AM, Campbell AJ, Sheppard DS. Randomised controlled crossover trial of humidified continuous positive airway pressure in mild obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorax. 2005 May;60(5):427-32.

150. [S51] Lam B, Sam K, Mok WY, Cheung MT, Fong DY, Lam JC, Lam DC, Yam LY, Lp MS. Randomised study of three non-surgical treatments in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorax. 2007 Apr;62(4):354-9.

151. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997 Sep 13;315(7109):629-34.

152. [S20] Davis BJ, Rajput A, Rajput ML, Aul EA, Eichhorn GR. A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of iron in restless legs syndrome.

153. Engleman HM, Martin SE, Deary IJ, Douglas NJ. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on daytime function in sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. Lancet. 1994 Mar 5;343(8897):572-5.

154. [S7] Barbé F, Mayoralas LR, Duran J, Masa JF, Maimó A, Montserrat JM, Monasterio C, Bosch M, Ladaria A, Rubio M, Rubio R, Medinas M, Hernandez L, Vidal S, Douglas NJ, Agustí AG. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure is not effective in patients with sleep apnea but no daytime sleepiness. a randomized, controlled trial.

155. Hailey D, Jacobs P, Mayers I, Mensinkai S. The current status of autotitrating continuous positive airway pressure systems in the management of obstructive sleep apnea. Can Respir J. 2005 Jul-Aug;12(5):271-6.

Similar Items