### Exact numerical and analytical results for correlated lattice electrons in one dimension

Since the advent of high-$T_c$ cuprate superconductors in 1986, strongly correlated electron systems have attracted much attention. Since the cuprates are essentially two-dimensional, low-dimensional systems have moved into the focus of condensed-matter theory. From a theoretical point of view, one-...

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Main Author: Gebhard, Florian (Prof. Dr.) (Thesis advisor) Dissertation English Philipps-Universität Marburg 2006 Physik PDF Full Text No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Summary: Since the advent of high-$T_c$ cuprate superconductors in 1986, strongly correlated electron systems have attracted much attention. Since the cuprates are essentially two-dimensional, low-dimensional systems have moved into the focus of condensed-matter theory. From a theoretical point of view, one-dimensional systems are of particular interest because there are exact numerical and analytical methods which permit detailed studies and deep insights into the many-body problem. In the first part of this thesis, using the numerically exact methods Exact Diagonalization and the Density-Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG), we investigate the properties of the Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid which is the generic metallic state of matter in one dimension. In particular, we concentrate on the investigation of the so-called Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid parameter which determines the critical exponent $\alpha$ for the density of states near the Fermi energy. Experimental results for some quasi one-dimensional materials report $\alpha \gtrsim 1$, which would imply $K_\rho \lesssim 0.17$, a value which cannot be reconciled with the bare Hubbard model where $K_\rho^H \geq 0.5$, i.e., $\alpha^H \lesssim 1/8$. We develop new accurate numerical methods to obtain $K_\rho$ and investigate how to obtain such small values for $K_\rho$ for slightly doped charge-density-wave insulators. In the second part of this thesis, using the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) as exact analytical method, we investigate the one-dimensional Hubbard model in the spindisordered regime, which is characterized by the temperature being much larger than the magnetic energy scale but small compared to the Mott–Hubbard gap. Our study is motivated by the controversy about the Mott–Hubbard insulator in infinite dimensions whose ground state is also spin-disordered. In this system the determination of the precise value of the critical interaction strength Uc where the Mott–Hubbard gap closes is still unsolved. Therefore, we provide an example of a Hubbard-type model with a disordered spin background which can be solved exactly. The thermodynamics of our model can be understood in terms of gapped charged excitations with an effective dispersion which are decoupled form the spin degrees of freedom; the latter contribute only entropically. An interpretation of this regime in terms of a putative interacting-electron system at zero temperature leads to a metal-insulator transition at a finite interaction strength above which the gap opens linearly. Our exact results indicate that the strong-coupling expansion of the ground-state energy cannot be used to locate $U_c$. However, the strong-coupling expansion of the gap permits a reliable extrapolation of the critical interaction strength. https://doi.org/10.17192/z2006.0111