Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg
Titel:Cell differentiation specific inhibition of cell division guarantees the formation of diploid spores during development of Myxococcus xanthus
Autor:Huneke-Vogt, Sabrina
Weitere Beteiligte: Sogaard-Andersen, Lotte (Prof. Dr. MD)
Veröffentlicht:2017
URI:https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2017/0710
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17192/z2017.0710
URN: urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2017-07101
DDC:570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
Titel (trans.):Zelltyp-spezifische Inhibition der Zellteilung garantiert die Bildung von diploiden Sporen während des Entwicklungsprogramms von Myxococcus xanthus
Publikationsdatum:2017-11-13
Lizenz:https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/

Dokument

Schlagwörter:
chromosome, Zellzyklus, Chromosom, Replikation, sporulation, Cell division, Zellteilung, cell cycle, replication, Sporenbildung

Summary:
Als Antwort auf nahrungslimitierende Bedingungen initiiert das im Boden lebende Bakterium Myxococcus xanthus ein komplexes Entwicklungsprogramm. Dieses führt zur Bildung von Fruchtkörpern in denen die stäbchenförmigen Zellen zu kugelförmigen, diploiden Myxosporen differenzieren, welche extreme Umweltbedingungen überdauern können. Einige Zellen, die als „peripheral rods“ bezeichnet werden bleiben haploid außerhalb der Fruchtkörper. Replikation ist essentiell für die Fruchtkörperbildung und Sporulation. Unter vegetativen Bedingungen wachsen die Zellen asynchron hinsichtlich ihres Zellzyklus. Sie enthalten ein bis zwei Chromosomen und auf Replikation folgt Zellteilung. In dieser Arbeit wurde der Mechanismus der zur Bildung von diploiden Sporen führt untersucht. Wir bestätigten durch die Analyse einzelner Zellen sowie Zellpopulationen, dass Myxosporen zwei Chromosomen beinhalten. Unsere Ergebnisse wiesen darauf hin, dass sich „peripheral rods“ in verschiedenen Phasen des Zellzyklus befinden und in der Lage sind zu replizieren. Um die Regulierung der Zellteilung zu untersuchen haben wir uns auf das Haupt-Zellteilungsprotein FtsZ sowie dessen Regulatoren PomX, PomY und PomZ fokussiert. In Experimenten, bei denen zukünftige Sporen und „peripheral rods“ getrennt wurden, konnten wir zeigen, dass die Proteinlevel während des Entwicklungsprogramms spezifisch in künftigen Sporen abnehmen. Damit einhergehend war die Präsenz jedes dieser Proteine nicht essentiell für Fruchtkörperbildung und Sporulation. Transkriptionelle Analyse offenbarte eine Abnahme der Anzahl der Tranksripte von ftsZ, pomX, pomY und pomZ bei Nahrungslimitation. Zudem wird FtsZ kontinuierlich degradiert, sowohl während vegetativen als auch während nahrungslimitierenden Bedingungen. Wir folgerten, dass FtsZ Proteolyse die Synthese übertrifft, was zu einer Abnahme des Proteinlevels und der Inhibition von Zellteilung in künftigen Sporen führt. Konstitutive ftsZ Expression beeinflusste nicht den Sporulations-prozess, resultierte jedoch in die Bildung von Sporen die weniger als zwei Chromosomen beinhalteten. Folglich reicht die Eliminierung von FtsZ aus um Zellteilung zu inhibieren und diploide Sporen zu bilden. In diesen Vorgang, jedoch nicht in die transkriptionelle Regulation, ist wahrscheinlich die ATP-abhängige Protease LonD indirekt involviert. Sporulation an sich ist unabhängig vom Chromosomengehalt, allerdings beeinflusst die DNA Menge die Morphologie der Sporen. Zellen die mehr Chromosomen als WT Zellen beinhalten und das Entwicklungsprogramm starten, formen Sporen, die eine höhere Durchschnittsgröße und einen höheren DNA Gehalt aufweisen. Obwohl die Abnahme von FtsZ und ftsZ Transkripten spezifisch während nahrungslimitierenden Bedingungen stattfindet scheint dies unabhängig von der „stringent response“ und RelA zu sein. Außerdem wird FtsZ unabhängig vom globalen Vorkommen des sekundären Botenstoffes zyklisches di-GMP reguliert, welches eine essentielle Rolle im multizellulären Verhalten von M. xanthus spielt.

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