Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg
Titel:Die Bedeutung von Emotionsregulation für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Depression
Autor:Hopfinger, Lisa-Antonia
Weitere Beteiligte: Ebert, David Daniel (Dr.)
Veröffentlicht:2016
URI:https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2016/0803
URN: urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2016-08036
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17192/z2016.0803
DDC: Psychologie
Titel (trans.):The Significance of Emotion Regulation for Development and Maintenance of Depression
Publikationsdatum:2016-11-03
Lizenz:https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/

Dokument

Schlagwörter:
Childhood trauma, Emotionregulation, Depression, Emotionsregulation, Major Depression, Trauma

Zusammenfassung:
Nachweise für die Annahme, dass Kindheitstraumata mit der Entstehung und Wiederkehr von depressiven Störungen assoziiert sind (Chapman et al., 2004; Ferguson & Dacey, 1997; Nanni, Uher, & Danese, 2012), gibt es viele. Was hingegen noch nicht ausreichend erforscht ist, sind deren kausale Mechanismen. Bis heute hat keine Studie die allgemeine Emotionsregulation als mediierenden Mechanismus zwischen Kindheitstraumata und Depressionsschwere sowie Depressionspersistenz in einer klinischen Stichprobe untersucht. Darüber hinaus hat sich die Forschung in diesem Zusammenhang bislang nur auf die allgemeine Emotionsregulation oder auf einzelne dysfunktionale Emotionsregulationsstrategien (z.B. Grübeln) fokussiert. Eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Emotionsregulationskompetenzen sind noch nicht berücksichtigt worden. Die Rückfallrate für Major Depression (engl. Major Depressive Disorder, MDD) ist sehr hoch (Vittengl, Clark, Dunn, & Jarrett, 2007; Westen & Morrison, 2001), weshalb ein dringender Bedarf besteht, potenzielle Faktoren zu identifizieren, welche die Wiederkehr von depressiven Symptomen verhindern und welche helfen, erzielte Behandlungserfolge aufrechtzuerhalten. Prospektive Studien haben gezeigt, dass es mithilfe von Emotionsregulation möglich ist, depressive Symptome vorherzusagen (Berking, Wirtz, Svaldi, & Hofmann, 2014; Radkovsky, McArdle, Bockting, & Berking, 2014; Wang et al., 2014). Unklar ist hingegen, ob Emotionsregulation nach erfolgter Psychotherapie wegen Depression ein Prädiktor für nachfolgende depressive Symptome bleibt. Des Weiteren gibt es noch keine Studien, die untersuchen, ob Emotionsregulation die Zeit bis zu einem Depressionsrückfall bei Remittierten nach Psychotherapie vorhersagt. Es gibt bislang keine Forschungsergebnisse bezüglich der potenziell unterschiedlichen Relevanz einer Vielzahl von spezifischen Emotionsregulationskompetenzen für die Vorhersage von depressiven Symptomen und für die Vorhersage der Zeit bis zu einem Depressionsrückfall nach einer Behandlung. Ziel vorliegender Dissertation ist der Nachweis, dass allgemeine adaptive Emotionsregulation eine entscheidende Rolle für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Depression spielt. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt bei der Relevanz spezifischer adaptiver Emotionsregulationskompetenzen. In einer längsschnittlichen Studie untersuchten wir die Hypothese adaptiver Emotionsregulation als Prädiktor depressiver Symptome bis zu einem Jahr nach stationärer MDD-Behandlung (Studie 1). Effektivere allgemeine Emotionsregulation sagte nur unter den Therapie-Respondern weniger depressive Symptome drei Monate, jedoch nicht zwölf Monate nach der Behandlung vorher. Die effektive Emotionsregulationskompetenz Konfrontationsbereitschaft sagte weniger depressive Symptome zwölf Monate und die Emotionsregulationskompetenz Akzeptanz weniger depressive Symptome sowohl drei als auch zwölf Monate nach der Behandlung vorher. In einer querschnittlichen Studie untersuchten wir die Hypothese von Emotionsregulation als Mediator des Effekts von Kindheitstraumata auf die Depressionsschwere sowie auf die Depressionspersistenz bei stationär behandelten Personen mit MDD (Studie 2). Die allgemeine Emotionsregulation sowie die Emotionsregulationskompetenz Konfrontationsbereitschaft erwiesen sich als partielle Mediatoren des Zusammenhangs zwischen Kindheitstraumata und späterer Depressionsschwere sowie bisheriger Depressionspersistenz. In einer längsschnittlichen Studie untersuchten wir den prospektiven Zusammenhang zwischen adaptiver Emotionsregulation und der Zeit bis zu einem Rückfall in die MDD nach erfolgreicher stationärer Behandlung (Studie 3). Die effektivere allgemeine Emotionsregulation sowie die effektiveren spezifischen Emotionsregulationskompetenzen emotionale Akzeptanz und Toleranz, mitfühlende Selbstunterstützung, zielbezogene Konfrontationsbereitschaft mit belastenden Situationen sowie die Fähigkeit zur Modifikation negativer Affekte sagten eine längere Zeit bis zu einem MDD-Rückfall vorher. Zukünftige Untersuchungen wie beispielsweise randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien werden zeigen müssen, inwieweit gezielte Interventionen zur Verbesserung der Emotionsregulation bei ehemals depressiven sowie missbrauchten Personen zu einer Verringerung des nachfolgenden Depressionsrisikos beitragen können. Des Weiteren müssten zukünftige Studien zeigen, inwieweit gezielte Interventionen zur Verbesserung der Emotionsregulation bei ehemals Depressiven zu einem Schutz vor Rückfällen in die Depression beitragen können.

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