Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg

Titel:Screening von hochfunktionalen Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Autor:Hoffmann, Wiebke Astrid
Weitere Beteiligte: Rief, Winfried (Prof. Dr. )
Veröffentlicht:2016
URI:https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2016/0219
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17192/z2016.0219
URN: urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2016-02198
DDC: Psychologie
Titel (trans.):Screening of high functioning autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents
Publikationsdatum:2016-06-16
Lizenz:https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/

Dokument

Schlagwörter:
Kinder- und Jugendliche, autism spectrum disorder, ADI-R, children and adolescents, Autismus, Screening, ADI-R, screening, CBCL, CBCL, Screening, Autismus-Spektrum-Störung

Zusammenfassung:
Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS) sind schwerwiegende, chronisch verlaufende neurologische Entwicklungsstörungen, die durch ein hohes Ausmaß der Beeinträchtigung sozialer und kommunikativer Fertigkeiten sowie durch eine ausgeprägte Heterogenität der Symptomatik gekennzeichnet sind. Interventionen müssen symptombezogen erfolgen, da bislang keine Therapieformen mit kausaler Wirkung bekannt sind. Da in verschiedenen Studien gezeigt werden konnte, dass sehr frühe Interventionen größere Effekte erzielen als später einsetzende Interventionen, kommt der Früherkennung autistischer Störungen und damit auch der Entwicklung von Screening-Verfahren eine wichtige Bedeutung zu. Es mangelt jedoch an Verfahren, die speziell auf hochfunktionale Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen ausgerichtet sind. In dem vorliegenden Cumulus werden 3 Studien vorgestellt, die sich mit der Erforschung der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Einsatzes von Screening-Verfahren in der Diagnostik hochfunktionaler ASS beschäftigt haben. In Studie 1 wurde untersucht, ob eine neu entwickelte Kurzversion eines in der Forschung und in der klinischen Praxis bewährten störungsspezifischen Interviews Kinder und Jugendliche mit Asperger-Syndrom identifizieren kann. Zudem sollte anhand des Kurzinterviews eine Differenzierung der Diagnosen Asperger-Syndrom und Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit/-Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) möglich sein. Insgesamt zeigte das Kurzinterview eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität, insbesondere auch in der Gruppe der Probanden < 11 Jahre. In Studie 2 sollten die Ergebnisse von Studie 1 an einer unabhängigen und erweiterten Stichprobe repliziert und überprüft werden. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass das Kurzinterview zwar prinzipiell zur Identifikation hochfunktionaler ASS geeignet ist und eine ausreichende Sensitivität aufweist, jedoch bei der Abgrenzung zu anderen psychischen Störungen aufgrund einer zu niedrigen Spezifität Probleme auftreten, wie dies auch bei anderen Verfahren, die zur Erfassung von ASS eingesetzt werden, häufig der Fall ist. In der 3. Studie wurde untersucht, inwiefern ein nicht-störungsspezifisches Screening-Verfahren zur Identifizierung von hochfunktionalen Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen eingesetzt werden kann. Die Ergebnisse der 3. Studie machen deutlich, dass das untersuchte Verfahren ungeeignet zur Erfassung von ASS im Screening-Prozess ist. Jedoch zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass durch das untersuchte Verfahren ASS begleitende emotionale und verhaltensbezogene Störungen in ökonomischer Form erhoben werden können. Das untersuchte Verfahren liefert damit wichtige Hinweise für die Planung der Interventionen bei bereits diagnostizierten ASS.

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