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Titel:Ultraschallkommunikation bei Ratten: Soziale Isolation als Risikofaktor für neuropsychiatrische Erkrankungen mit defizitärem Sozialverhalten im Tiermodell
Autor:Seffer, Dominik
Weitere Beteiligte: Wöhr, Markus (Dr.)
Veröffentlicht:2015
URI:https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2015/0386
URN: urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2015-03860
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17192/z2015.0386
DDC: Psychologie
Titel (trans.):Ultrasonic communication in rats: Post-weaning social isolation as a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders with deficits in social behavior in an animal model
Publikationsdatum:2015-09-23
Lizenz:https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/

Dokument

Schlagwörter:
Neuropsychiatrie, Ratte, schizophrenia, Ultraschall, Tiermodell, Translationale Forschung, neuropsychiatric disorders, translational research, post-weaning social isolation, Ultraschallvokalisation, Ultrasonic vocalization, Isolation <Soziologie>, sozio-affektive Informationsverarbeitung, Schizophrenie, Kommunikation

Zusammenfassung:
Ratten zeichnen sich durch ein stark ausgeprägtes Sozialverhalten aus, wovon das Kommunikationsverhalten ein elementarer Bestandteil ist. Sie emittieren Rufe im Ultraschallbereich, sogenannte Ultraschallvokalisationen (USV), die als situationsabhängige,affektive Signale fungieren. Bei juvenilen und adulten Ratten unterscheidet man zwischen zwei verschiedenen Hauptruftypen. Niederfrequente 22-kHz USV treten typischerweise in aversiven Situationen auf, wie sozialer Unterlegenheit, während hochfrequente 50-kHz USV in appetitiven Situationen beobachten werden können, wie soziales Spielverhalten bei juvenilen oder Paarungsverhalten bei adulten Ratten. Beide Ruftypen besitzen distinkte kommunikative Funktionen und lösen Ruftyp-spezifisches Verhalten beim Empfänger aus. So dienen 22-kHz USV vermutlich als Alarmrufe, die beim Empfänger zu Verhaltensstarre führen. Im Gegensatz dazu scheinen 50-kHz USV eine prosoziale Funktion zu besitzen. Männliche 50-kHz USV spielen offenbar eine wichtige Rolle zur Herstellung sozialer Nähe und sind vermutlich auch an der Regulation von Sexualverhalten beteiligt (Studie I: Willadsen et al., 2014). Auch im nichtsexuellen Kontext gibt es starke Evidenz für eine Funktion der 50-kHz USV als soziale Kontaktrufe. Eine Übersichtsarbeit zu den Studien, die das etablierte Playback-Paradigma verwendeten, konnte zeigen, dass Playback von 50-kHz USV konsistent Annäherungsverhalten beim Empfänger auslöste und somit eine reliable und hoch standardisierte Untersuchung von prosozialem Ultraschallkommunikationsverhalten von Ratten ermöglicht (Studie II: Seffer et al., 2014). Dieses Paradigma erscheint aus diesem Grund besonders nützlich für den Einsatz in Verbindung mit Tiermodellen zu sein, die sich durch ein defizitäres Sozialverhalten auszeichnen. Juvenile soziale Isolation wird häufig bei Ratten als Tiermodell eingesetzt, um Phänotypen mit klinischer Relevanz für neuropsychiatrische Erkrankungen zu induzieren, wie beispielsweise die Schizophrenie, welche sich durch ein Defizit in der sozio-affektiven Informationsverarbeitung auszeichnet. Aus diesem Grund wurde der Einfluss von sozialer Isolation auf die prosoziale Ultraschallkommunikation unter Verwendung des 50-kHz USV Playback-Paradigmas bei Ratten untersucht (Studie III: Seffer et al., 2015). Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass juvenile soziale Isolation spezifisch die Reaktion auf 50-kHz USV beeinträchtigte und kein Annäherungsverhalten beim Empfänger auslöste. Beachtenswerterweise konnten diese Defizite durch eine Resozialisierungsphase aufgehoben werden und wurden nicht durch post-adoleszente soziale Isolation induziert. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen für eine kritische Periode in der sozialen Entwicklung während der Adoleszenz und heben die Notwendigkeit sozialer Erfahrungen während dieser sensitiven Phase hervor.

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