Dokument

Summary:
Das Jahrzehnt zwischen 1900 und 2000, welches das Objekt dieser Dissertation ist, war reich an Ereignissen in den Chinesisch-Tibetischen Beziehungen. Das Dialog zwischen Peking und Dharamsala, welches in der frühen 1980er initiiert wurde, ist zusammengebrochen, China hat Wirtschaftsreformen und Infrastrukturprojekte gestartet, die für das Überleben des tibetischen Volkes fatal sein könnten, die Tibeter haben angefangen ihr politisches Anliegen zu internationalisieren und die Politik des Mittleren Weges wurde demokratisch von dem tibetischen Volk einstimmig akzeptiert. Es war ein Jahrzehnt von vielen hoffnungsvollen Anzeichen für das tibetische Volk – die Berliner Mauer ist gefallen, die Sowietunion ist zerfallen und der Kommunismus in Europa war besiegt, die chinesischen Studenten sind gegen ihre Regierung und für mehr Demokratie aufgestanden, der Straßburger Vorschlag des Dalai Lama hat eine weltweite Unterstützung erfahren und der Friedensnobelpreis wurde Dalai Lama verliehen. Für die Kommunistische Partei Chinas war es ein Jahrzehnt ernsten internen und internationalen Herausforderungen – ihr angeschlagenes Image zu aufzubessern und das Vertrauen des Volkes zurückzugewinnen. Andererseits bekam der tibetische Nationalkampf internationale Beachtung und Unterstützung. Immerhin, die chinesische Regierung hat nicht nur ihre Kontrolle über Tibet gestärkt, sondern es auch geschafft die internationale Kritik diesbezüglich zu vermeiden. Das Geduldspiel von Peking und seine unverändert harte tibetische Innenpolitik, sowie die “Wieder-Ausbildungskampagnen”, haben Dalai Lama dazu gezwungen auf den Aufruf für Unabhängigkeit zu verzichten und statt dessen für eine “reale Autonomie” zu plädieren. Dalai Lama und seine Exilregierung formulierten die Politik des Mittleren Weges, die von den Exiltibetern eindeutig unterstützt wurde. Sie erhielt auch einen großen Zuspruch von den westlichen Regierungen, den chinesischen Intellektuellen und den Befürwortern der Demokratie. Bis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt konnte jedoch diese Politik die Regierung in Peking nicht überzeugen. Strategisch gesehen war das Jahrzehnt 1990-2000 eines der günstigsten für das tibetische Volk im Nationalkampf einen großen Schritt nach vorne zu machen und hat sich dadurch eine nähere Erforschung verdient. Diese Dissertation versucht die komplexen Faktoren zu analysieren, die den Chinesisch-Tibetischen Konflikt beeinflusst haben und die riskanten Politiken zu enthüllen – die Politiken des Bevölkerungstransfers und Unterdrückung der Glaubensfreiheit – welche von der chinesischen Regierung innerhalb des Tibetischen Autonomen Region implementiert wurden.

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